{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2048836283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/19.2.143","title":"Mechanisms of Inequality. Unequal Access to Organizational Power and the Gender Wage Gap","display_name":"Mechanisms of Inequality. Unequal Access to Organizational Power and the Gender Wage Gap","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2048836283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/19.2.143","mag":"2048836283"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/esr/19.2.143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/19.2.143","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/19.2.143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159327246","display_name":"European Sociological Review","issn_l":"0266-7215","issn":["0266-7215","1468-2672"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Sociological Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047533784","display_name":"Mia Hultin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161593684","display_name":"Stockholm University","ror":"https://ror.org/05f0yaq80","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Hultin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ryszard Szulkin, Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, S\u201010691, Stockholm, Sweden","Ryszard Szulkin, Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, S\u201010691, Stockholm, Sweden. email: "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ryszard Szulkin, Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, S\u201010691, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ryszard Szulkin, Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, S\u201010691, Stockholm, Sweden. email: ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047533784"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161593684"],"apc_list":{"value":4710,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5323},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3798,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":146,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9455277,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"2","first_page":"143","last_page":"159"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.4253000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.4253000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.27250000834465027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13911","display_name":"Employment, Labor, and Gender Studies","score":0.12099999934434891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-pay-gap","display_name":"gender pay gap","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-power","display_name":"organizational power","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/managerial-roles","display_name":"managerial roles","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervisory-roles","display_name":"supervisory roles","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-inequality-in-employment","display_name":"gender inequality in employment","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-decision-making","display_name":"organizational decision-making","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-capital","display_name":"human capital","score":0.5609999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6369158625602722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.5804739594459534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994086107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020","display_name":"Wage inequality","level":3,"score":0.573506236076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.5348671078681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5328612327575684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.3520747423171997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3319666385650635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.15172341465950012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.04833948612213135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/esr/19.2.143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/19.2.143","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/19.2.143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159327246","display_name":"European Sociological Review","issn_l":"0266-7215","issn":["0266-7215","1468-2672"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Sociological Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"},{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.7825999855995178,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W99509165","https://openalex.org/W99716116","https://openalex.org/W1487574743","https://openalex.org/W1535913903","https://openalex.org/W1983425835","https://openalex.org/W1990612600","https://openalex.org/W2023164995","https://openalex.org/W2055129232","https://openalex.org/W2065747644","https://openalex.org/W2068155429","https://openalex.org/W2085151218","https://openalex.org/W2095300193","https://openalex.org/W2095572591","https://openalex.org/W2120368989","https://openalex.org/W2175873029","https://openalex.org/W2319561871","https://openalex.org/W2324392187","https://openalex.org/W2574564044","https://openalex.org/W3021074113"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011281600","https://openalex.org/W7025737897","https://openalex.org/W2509820766","https://openalex.org/W1993978827","https://openalex.org/W2049684384","https://openalex.org/W1549025943","https://openalex.org/W2120156960","https://openalex.org/W2041356965","https://openalex.org/W3205585157","https://openalex.org/W1122701723"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"argue":[4],"that":[5,49],"women's":[6],"limited":[7],"access":[8],"to":[9],"managerial":[10],"and":[11,44,64,71,90,97,101,106],"supervisory":[12],"positions":[13],"in":[14],"work":[15],"organizations":[16],"is":[17],"a":[18,31,38],"part":[19],"of":[20,23,41,67,86],"the":[21,56,58],"explanation":[22],"gender":[24,51,83],"wage":[25,52],"inequality.":[26],"Multi\u2010level":[27],"analyses":[28],"conducted":[29],"on":[30,37,82],"comprehensive":[32],"Swedish":[33],"data\u2010set":[34],"combining":[35],"information":[36],"large":[39],"number":[40],"private\u2010sector":[42],"establishments":[43],"all":[45],"their":[46,107],"employees":[47],"show":[48],"establishments'":[50],"gaps":[53],"are":[54],"wider":[55],"stronger":[57],"male":[59],"representation":[60],"among":[61],"organizational":[62,73,95],"managers":[63],"supervisors,":[65],"net":[66],"individuals'":[68],"human":[69],"capital":[70],"various":[72],"features":[74],"relevant":[75],"for":[76],"wage\u2010setting":[77],"processes.":[78],"Theoretical":[79],"explanations":[80],"focus":[81],"unequal":[84],"outcomes":[85],"(i)":[87],"general":[88],"rules":[89],"policies":[91],"decided":[92],"at":[93],"higher":[94],"levels":[96],"(ii)":[98],"everyday":[99],"decision\u2010making":[100],"daily":[102],"interaction":[103],"between":[104],"superiors":[105],"subordinates.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}