{"id":"https://openalex.org/W204873457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60082/2563-4631.1003","title":"Is Nigeria a Secular State? Law, Human Rights and Religion in Context","display_name":"Is Nigeria a Secular State? Law, Human Rights and Religion in Context","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W204873457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60082/2563-4631.1003","mag":"204873457"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.60082/2563-4631.1003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60082/2563-4631.1003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60082/2563-4631.1003","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=thr","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387291288","display_name":"The Transnational Human Rights Review","issn_l":"2563-4631","issn":["2563-4631"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Transnational Human Rights Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=thr","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052632612","display_name":"Osita Nnamani Ogbu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Osita Nnamani Ogbu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052632612"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.4302,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98938055,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"135","last_page":"178"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13336","display_name":"Religious Freedom and Discrimination","score":0.7440999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13336","display_name":"Religious Freedom and Discrimination","score":0.7440999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14228","display_name":"Religion and Sociopolitical Dynamics in Nigeria","score":0.2502000033855438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13178","display_name":"Theology and Canon Law Studies","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secularism","display_name":"secularism","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nigeria","display_name":"Nigeria","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamic-law","display_name":"Islamic law","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/church-state-relations","display_name":"church-state relations","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1999-nigerian-constitution","display_name":"1999 Nigerian Constitution","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-sources","display_name":"sources of law","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-freedom","display_name":"religious freedom","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-discrimination","display_name":"religious discrimination","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamic-courts","display_name":"Islamic courts","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamic-personal-law","display_name":"Islamic personal law","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/christian-muslim-relations","display_name":"Christian-Muslim relations","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-rights","display_name":"human rights","score":0.5490000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168702047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q482752","display_name":"Sharia","level":3,"score":0.8079662919044495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132751094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859563","display_name":"Secular state","level":3,"score":0.7943151593208313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11293438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216920","display_name":"Secularism","level":3,"score":0.7086414098739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4445939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432","display_name":"Islam","level":2,"score":0.6994510889053345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.6573255658149719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775854416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171899","display_name":"Freedom of religion","level":3,"score":0.573255717754364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5724765062332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.559092104434967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776154427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7755","display_name":"Constitution","level":2,"score":0.5358235836029053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5114325881004333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778219340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753623","display_name":"Separation of church and state","level":3,"score":0.5108835101127625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776074554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15303501","display_name":"Secularity","level":2,"score":0.48692500591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4763600826263428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.4700948894023895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780620541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670732","display_name":"Religious law","level":3,"score":0.46378812193870544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778222446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188213","display_name":"State religion","level":3,"score":0.44921213388442993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551968917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5043","display_name":"Christianity","level":2,"score":0.4362221360206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4065706431865692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24667770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34187","display_name":"Religious studies","level":1,"score":0.22869184613227844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.14741572737693787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.13149404525756836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.11205151677131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.60082/2563-4631.1003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60082/2563-4631.1003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60082/2563-4631.1003","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=thr","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387291288","display_name":"The Transnational Human Rights Review","issn_l":"2563-4631","issn":["2563-4631"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Transnational Human Rights Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca:thr-1003","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/thr/vol1/iss1/4","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/thr/vol1/iss1/4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401049","display_name":"eYLS (Yale Law School)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","host_organization_name":"Yale University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Transnational Human Rights Review","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.60082/2563-4631.1003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60082/2563-4631.1003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60082/2563-4631.1003","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=thr","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387291288","display_name":"The Transnational Human Rights Review","issn_l":"2563-4631","issn":["2563-4631"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Transnational Human Rights Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8999999761581421}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8100000023841858}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W204873457.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W204873457.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W196985579","https://openalex.org/W204873457"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2501924109","https://openalex.org/W1721606023","https://openalex.org/W4226300583","https://openalex.org/W1494505237","https://openalex.org/W2342087278","https://openalex.org/W2119720815","https://openalex.org/W7221239173","https://openalex.org/W7215488247","https://openalex.org/W7214873961","https://openalex.org/W1520467271"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nigeria":[0,116,220,349],"is":[1,166,179,185,189,194,343,397],"a":[2,76,223],"multi-ethnic":[3],"and":[4,16,58,162,182,201,231,242,254,284],"multi-religious":[5],"state.":[6,36,225],"The":[7,131,213,325],"two":[8,21,209],"major":[9,22],"religions":[10,23],"in":[11,106,115,126,206,277],"the":[12,28,31,34,44,52,56,59,65,70,73,84,87,107,124,138,146,156,172,190,197,199,202,207,232,247,259,272,275,281,291,308,330,341,346,359,369,379,384,387,393],"country":[13],"are":[14],"Islam":[15],"Christianity.":[17],"Adherents":[18],"of":[19,30,33,43,54,63,72,75,86,90,109,142,175,204,211,251,269,287,310,313,321,332,334,348,358,361,371,386],"these":[20],"take":[24],"divergent":[25],"positions":[26],"on":[27,100,196,265,345],"question":[29],"secularity":[32,385],"Nigerian":[35,45,362,388],"While":[37,374],"most":[38,49],"Christians":[39],"argue":[40],"for":[41,168,307,329,383],"separation":[42],"state":[46,57,240,288,292],"from":[47,78,235,263],"religion,":[48,55],"Muslims":[50,101,114],"advocate":[51],"fusion":[53],"law.":[60,324,363],"To":[61],"many":[62],"them,":[64],"Sharia":[66,125,133,188,311],"ought":[67],"to":[68,80,102,118,120,153,221,244,249,261,293,319,392],"govern":[69],"totality":[71],"life":[74],"Muslim":[77],"cradle":[79],"grave.":[81],"For":[82],"instance,":[83],"Governor":[85],"Central":[88],"Bank":[89],"Nigeria,":[91],"Alhaji":[92],"Sanusi":[93],"Lamido":[94],"Sanusi,":[95],"maintained":[96],"that":[97,378],"any":[98,237],"call":[99],"abandon":[103],"religious":[104,300],"law":[105,350,352],"name":[108],"secularism":[110],"will":[111],"fail.":[112],"Many":[113],"appear":[117],"seek":[119],"be":[121,222],"governed":[122],"by":[123,145,336],"all":[127],"their":[128],"human":[129],"activities.":[130],"word":[132],"has":[134,353,381],"been":[135,354,368],"defined":[136],"as":[137,239,256,258,356],"complete":[139],"universal":[140,169],"code":[141],"conduct":[143],"drawn":[144],"creator,":[147],"Allah,":[148],"through":[149],"His":[150],"Messenger,":[151],"Muhammad,":[152],"mankind,":[154],"detailing":[155],"religious,":[157],"political,":[158],"economic,":[159],"social,":[160],"intellectual":[161],"legal":[163],"systems.":[164],"It":[165],"meant":[167],"application,":[170],"covering":[171],"entire":[173],"spectrum":[174],"life,":[176],"prescribing":[177],"what":[178,184],"lawful":[180],"(halal)":[181],"prohibiting":[183],"unlawful":[186],"(haram).":[187],"Islamic":[191,322,351],"law,":[192],"which":[193],"based":[195],"Quran,":[198],"Hadiths,":[200],"works":[203],"scholars":[205],"first":[208],"centuries":[210],"Islam.":[212],"1999":[214],"Constitution":[215,276,326,342,380],"did":[216],"not":[217],"expressly":[218],"proclaim":[219],"secular":[224],"However,":[226],"it":[227,304],"prohibits":[228],"both":[229],"states":[230],"Federal":[233],"Government":[234],"adopting":[236],"religion":[238],"religion;":[241],"guarantees":[243],"every":[245],"person":[246],"right":[248,260],"freedom":[250,262],"thought,":[252],"conscience":[253],"religion6":[255],"well":[257],"discrimination":[264],"grounds,":[266],"inter":[267],"alia,":[268],"religion.":[270],"On":[271],"other":[273,298],"hand,":[274],"chapter":[278],"II":[279],"under":[280],"fundamental":[282],"objectives":[283],"directive":[285],"principles":[286],"policy,":[289],"enjoins":[290],"provide":[294],"facilities":[295],"for,":[296],"among":[297],"things,":[299],"life.":[301],"In":[302],"addition,":[303],"makes":[305],"provision":[306],"establishment":[309],"Courts":[312],"Appeal":[314],"though":[315],"with":[316],"jurisdiction":[317],"restricted":[318],"questions":[320],"personal":[323],"also":[327],"provides":[328],"taking":[331],"oath":[333],"office":[335],"certain":[337],"public":[338],"officers.":[339],"Although":[340],"silent":[344],"sources":[347,360],"recognized":[355],"one":[357],"These":[364],"Constitutional":[365],"provisions":[366],"have":[367],"subject":[370],"tendentious":[372],"interpretations.":[373],"some":[375],"people":[376],"contend":[377,391],"provided":[382],"state,":[389],"others":[390],"contrary.":[394],"Moreover,":[395],"there":[396],"no":[398],"agreement":[399]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-06T09:10:53.072986","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}