{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2048459913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015334","title":"The actions of gamma\u2010aminobutyric acid, glycine and their antagonists upon horizontal cells of the Xenopus retina.","display_name":"The actions of gamma\u2010aminobutyric acid, glycine and their antagonists upon horizontal cells of the Xenopus retina.","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2048459913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015334","mag":"2048459913","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6481623","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1193305"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015334","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015334","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2090548","display_name":"The Journal of Physiology","issn_l":"0022-3751","issn":["0022-3751","1469-7793"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1193305","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032623951","display_name":"Susan Stone","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Stone","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067566899","display_name":"Paul Witkovsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4119-1045","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4119-1045"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P Witkovsky","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7851,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64383875,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"353","issue":"1","first_page":"249","last_page":"264"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.9595000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10691","display_name":"Retinal Development and Disorders","score":0.03449999913573265,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11178","display_name":"Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaba","display_name":"GABA","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycine","display_name":"glycine","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/picrotoxin","display_name":"picrotoxin","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strychnine","display_name":"strychnine","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horizontal-cells","display_name":"horizontal cells","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xenopus-retina","display_name":"Xenopus retina","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-potential","display_name":"membrane potential","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-evoked-responses","display_name":"light-evoked responses","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cone-photoreceptors","display_name":"cone photoreceptors","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rod-photoreceptors","display_name":"rod photoreceptors","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-adaptation","display_name":"light adaptation","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dark-adaptation","display_name":"dark adaptation","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnesium","display_name":"magnesium","score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receptive-fields","display_name":"receptive fields","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gabaergic-inhibition","display_name":"GABAergic inhibition","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycine-receptor","display_name":"glycine receptor","score":0.5989999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779324764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416602","display_name":"Picrotoxin","level":4,"score":0.9647665023803711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777725853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194406","display_name":"Strychnine","level":2,"score":0.8935405015945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.6897761821746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35599011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426887","display_name":"Glycine receptor","level":4,"score":0.660850465297699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4141045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83183","display_name":"Depolarization","level":2,"score":0.6503104567527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777756961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620730","display_name":"Glycine","level":3,"score":0.6159125566482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181911157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389844","display_name":"Membrane potential","level":2,"score":0.5544471144676208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4998617172241211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retina","level":2,"score":0.4985666275024414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777771985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210021","display_name":"gamma-Aminobutyric acid","level":3,"score":0.44637051224708557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779535977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1342298","display_name":"Xenopus","level":3,"score":0.4406006634235382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778071365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3089249","display_name":"Reversal potential","level":4,"score":0.43640953302383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168258287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60147","display_name":"GABAA receptor","level":3,"score":0.4064735472202301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.2676185965538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.2650999426841736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.26240676641464233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147944092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176366","display_name":"Patch clamp","level":3,"score":0.20055967569351196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.19863542914390564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515207424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8066","display_name":"Amino acid","level":2,"score":0.1472834348678589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003623","descriptor_name":"Dark Adaptation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005246","descriptor_name":"Feedback","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005680","descriptor_name":"gamma-Aminobutyric Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005998","descriptor_name":"Glycine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008564","descriptor_name":"Membrane Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010852","descriptor_name":"Picrotoxin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013331","descriptor_name":"Strychnine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014982","descriptor_name":"Xenopus laevis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066298","descriptor_name":"In Vitro Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015334","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015334","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2090548","display_name":"The Journal of Physiology","issn_l":"0022-3751","issn":["0022-3751","1469-7793"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1193305","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1193305","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Physiol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:6481623","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6481623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of physiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1193305","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1193305","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Physiol","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1572979490","https://openalex.org/W1973441751","https://openalex.org/W1977272294","https://openalex.org/W1981323836","https://openalex.org/W1990673766","https://openalex.org/W2004411419","https://openalex.org/W2005437270","https://openalex.org/W2006006085","https://openalex.org/W2006450147","https://openalex.org/W2007574603","https://openalex.org/W2015575104","https://openalex.org/W2016332639","https://openalex.org/W2022754788","https://openalex.org/W2023220058","https://openalex.org/W2024494763","https://openalex.org/W2024983583","https://openalex.org/W2028701130","https://openalex.org/W2045887659","https://openalex.org/W2055652399","https://openalex.org/W2056527325","https://openalex.org/W2064139739","https://openalex.org/W2074364727","https://openalex.org/W2076104459","https://openalex.org/W2079573243","https://openalex.org/W2087134279","https://openalex.org/W2094632782","https://openalex.org/W2115790637","https://openalex.org/W2137214612","https://openalex.org/W2171957708","https://openalex.org/W2327841142","https://openalex.org/W2395155295","https://openalex.org/W2403515166","https://openalex.org/W2410813315","https://openalex.org/W2411762578","https://openalex.org/W2417164213","https://openalex.org/W2419242356","https://openalex.org/W2439795249","https://openalex.org/W2460234038"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2079573243","https://openalex.org/W2461725845","https://openalex.org/W2069781694","https://openalex.org/W2412524679","https://openalex.org/W2120699632","https://openalex.org/W2411544484","https://openalex.org/W2036315425","https://openalex.org/W2286980449","https://openalex.org/W2057167526","https://openalex.org/W2409419197"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"examined":[1],"the":[2,18,25,31,48,62,65,80,94,108,112,126,130,144,205,219,233,246,250],"effects":[3],"of":[4,24,30,58,76,147,179,207,222,249],"gamma-aminobutyric":[5],"acid":[6],"(GABA)":[7],"and":[8,10,15,21,42,104,141,160,171,192],"glycine":[9,223,227],"their":[11,196,242],"respective":[12,243],"antagonists,":[13,244],"picrotoxin":[14,105,142,161],"strychnine,":[16],"upon":[17,232],"membrane":[19,50,101],"potential":[20,51],"light-evoked":[22,212],"responses":[23],"type":[26],"H1":[27,113],"horizontal":[28,35,114,131,185,234,251],"cell":[29,36,66,81,132,235,252],"Xenopus":[32],"retina.":[33],"This":[34,199],"receives":[37],"mixed":[38],"input":[39,110],"from":[40],"rod":[41],"cone":[43],"receptors.":[44],"Under":[45,116],"control":[46],"conditions":[47],"mean":[49],"was":[52,133,214],"-37.8":[53],"+/-":[54,69,84],"9.7":[55],"mV.":[56,86],"Addition":[57],"5":[59],"mM-GABA":[60],"to":[61,93,111,150,158,229],"superfusate":[63],"hyperpolarized":[64],"by":[67,82,125,187,216],"4.0":[68],"2.6":[70],"mV":[71,189],"within":[72],"3-5":[73],"min;":[74],"addition":[75],"0.5":[77],"mM-picrotoxin":[78],"depolarized":[79,184],"4.3":[83],"2.1":[85],"Prolonged":[87],"(greater":[88,153],"than":[89,154],"15":[90,155],"min)":[91,156],"exposures":[92,157],"drugs":[95],"elicited":[96,162],"more":[97],"pronounced":[98],"changes":[99,163],"in":[100,164,204],"potential.":[102],"GABA":[103,139,159,238],"affected":[106,245],"primarily":[107],"cone-dependent":[109,145],"cell.":[115],"dark-adapted":[117],"conditions,":[118],"response":[119,149,165],"wave":[120],"forms":[121],"were":[122],"essentially":[123],"unaltered":[124],"drugs,":[127],"but":[128],"when":[129],"moderately":[134],"or":[135,182,194],"fully":[136],"light":[137,172,197],"adapted,":[138],"reduced":[140,193],"enhanced":[143],"component":[146],"its":[148],"light.":[151],"Long-term":[152],"kinetics":[166],"usually":[167],"associated":[168],"with":[169],"dark":[170],"adaptation,":[173],"respectively.":[174],"Glycine,":[175],"at":[176],"bath":[177],"concentrations":[178],"0.6":[180],"mM":[181],"greater,":[183],"cells":[186],"21":[188],"on":[190],"average":[191],"abolished":[195],"response.":[198],"action":[200,221],"did":[201],"not":[202],"occur":[203],"presence":[206],"0.1":[208],"mM-strychnine.":[209],"When":[210],"all":[211],"activity":[213],"blocked":[215],"20-40":[217],"mM-magnesium,":[218],"depolarizing":[220],"still":[224],"occurred.":[225],"Thus,":[226],"appears":[228],"act":[230],"directly":[231],"membrane.":[236],"Neither":[237],"nor":[239,241],"glycine,":[240],"spatial":[247],"extent":[248],"receptive":[253],"field.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
