{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2048272115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.120.8.772","title":"PATTERN OF DISCHARGE FROM NORWEGIAN PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALS BEFORE AND AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF THE PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS","display_name":"PATTERN OF DISCHARGE FROM NORWEGIAN PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALS BEFORE AND AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF THE PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS","publication_year":1964,"publication_date":"1964-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2048272115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.120.8.772","mag":"2048272115","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14115469"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1176/ajp.120.8.772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.120.8.772","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.120.8.772","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116025658","display_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0002-953X","issn":["0002-953X","1535-7228"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316602","host_organization_name":"American Psychiatric Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychiatric Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113550820","display_name":"\u00d8rnulv \u00d8deg\u00e5rd","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802726678","display_name":"Gaustad Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01fksx040","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802726678"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"ORNULV ODEGARD","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor of Psychiatry, University of Oslo; Medical Superintendent, Gaustad Mental Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of Psychiatry, University of Oslo; Medical Superintendent, Gaustad Mental Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183","https://openalex.org/I2802726678"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113550820"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183","https://openalex.org/I2802726678"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.8725,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98586056,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"120","issue":"8","first_page":"772","last_page":"778"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12666","display_name":"Historical Psychiatry and Medical Practices","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12666","display_name":"Historical Psychiatry and Medical Practices","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13944","display_name":"Psychiatric care and mental health services","score":0.01119999960064888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatric-hospital-discharge","display_name":"psychiatric hospital discharge","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-readmission","display_name":"hospital readmission","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychotropic-drugs","display_name":"psychotropic drugs","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/length-of-hospital-stay","display_name":"length of hospital stay","score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-outcomes","display_name":"treatment outcomes","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-rehabilitation","display_name":"social rehabilitation","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment","display_name":"unemployment","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatric-hospital-admissions","display_name":"psychiatric hospital admissions","score":0.4350000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63428231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9043","display_name":"Norwegian","level":2,"score":0.879165530204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.6746171712875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993714069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3706669","display_name":"Psychotropic drug","level":3,"score":0.6266000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778697850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210999","display_name":"Psychiatric hospital","level":2,"score":0.6232434511184692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6164757013320923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017624810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3259564","display_name":"Hospital discharge","level":2,"score":0.5388135313987732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017736306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3706669","display_name":"Psychotropic medication","level":3,"score":0.4799354672431946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992019943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16917","display_name":"General hospital","level":2,"score":0.4623813033103943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986900798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5308926","display_name":"Drug treatment","level":2,"score":0.45951712131500244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.4334167540073395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.4267958402633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.31420302391052246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.15753093361854553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.13692951202392578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.12187504768371582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.09269645810127258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001523","descriptor_name":"Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006778","descriptor_name":"Hospitals, Psychiatric","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009664","descriptor_name":"Norway","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011600","descriptor_name":"Psychopharmacology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011618","descriptor_name":"Psychotic Disorders","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011619","descriptor_name":"Psychotropic Drugs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013223","descriptor_name":"Statistics as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1176/ajp.120.8.772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.120.8.772","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.120.8.772","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116025658","display_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0002-953X","issn":["0002-953X","1535-7228"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316602","host_organization_name":"American Psychiatric Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychiatric Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:14115469","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14115469","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of psychiatry","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9789000153541565,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989516458","https://openalex.org/W2038758011","https://openalex.org/W2067372918","https://openalex.org/W2106128772"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976711308","https://openalex.org/W2409554728","https://openalex.org/W4324351610","https://openalex.org/W4255069566","https://openalex.org/W1711224450","https://openalex.org/W2226550471","https://openalex.org/W2066637109","https://openalex.org/W1977615824","https://openalex.org/W2476774551","https://openalex.org/W3044459785"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,95,119],"first":[1],"admissions":[2],"to":[3,15,125,135],"all":[4],"psychiatric":[5,117],"hospitals":[6],"in":[7,50,64,110],"Norway":[8],"1955-59":[9],"have":[10,126],"been":[11,127],"followed":[12,53],"with":[13,42,137],"regard":[14],"pattern":[16],"of":[17,24,36,46,57,85,101,115,121,140,145],"discharge":[18,66],"and":[19,52,68,93,142],"readmission":[20],"until":[21,54],"the":[22,34,37,55,65,86,99,112],"end":[23,56],"1960.":[25],"These":[26],"patients,":[27],"whose":[28],"entire":[29],"hospital":[30,73,134],"stay":[31],"falls":[32],"within":[33],"era":[35],"psychotropic":[38],"drugs,":[39],"are":[40],"compared":[41],"a":[43,61,69,80,143],"control":[44],"group":[45],"\"pre-drug\"":[47],"patients":[48],"admitted":[49],"1948-52":[51],"1953.":[58],"There":[59],"is":[60,76],"slight":[62],"increase":[63],"rates":[67],"tendency":[70],"towards":[71],"shorter":[72],"stay.":[74],"It":[75],"shown,":[77],"however,":[78],"that":[79,98],"far":[81],"more":[82],"marked":[83],"improvement":[84,139],"therapeutic":[87],"results":[88],"took":[89],"place":[90],"between":[91],"1936":[92],"1950.":[94],"writer":[96],"feels":[97],"lack":[100],"unemployment":[102],"since":[103],"1945":[104],"may":[105],"be":[106],"an":[107,138],"important":[108],"factor":[109],"facilitating":[111],"social":[113],"rehabilitation":[114],"our":[116],"patients.":[118],"impact":[120],"drug":[122],"therapy":[123],"appears":[124],"modest,":[128],"but":[129],"varies":[130],"remarkably":[131],"from":[132],"one":[133],"another":[136],"33%":[141],"decrease":[144],"23%":[146],"as":[147],"extremes.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}