{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2048216680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1854640","title":"House of Refuge: Origins of Juvenile Reform in New York State, 1815-1857","display_name":"House of Refuge: Origins of Juvenile Reform in New York State, 1815-1857","publication_year":1970,"publication_date":"1970-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2048216680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1854640","mag":"2048216680"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/1854640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1854640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1854640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197437610","display_name":"The American Historical Review","issn_l":"0002-8762","issn":["0002-8762","1937-5239"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Historical Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/book/61593","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109673643","display_name":"W. David Lewis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. David Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057973658","display_name":"Robert S. Pickett","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert S. Pickett","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4620,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4620},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26594193,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"3","first_page":"925","last_page":"925"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.8871999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.8871999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13101","display_name":"Legal and Social Justice Studies","score":0.03269999846816063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13570","display_name":"Historical Education Studies Worldwide","score":0.019700000062584877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/juvenile-delinquency","display_name":"juvenile delinquency","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/juvenile-reform","display_name":"juvenile reform","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prisons","display_name":"prisons","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deviant-adolescents","display_name":"deviant adolescents","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offender-rehabilitation","display_name":"offender rehabilitation","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/juvenile-justice-history","display_name":"history of juvenile justice","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-history","display_name":"institutional history","score":0.3269999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/19th-century","display_name":"19th century","score":0.6759999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1516282","display_name":"Juvenile","level":2,"score":0.8438711166381836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6190229058265686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4118589162826538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6303427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398","display_name":"Economic history","level":1,"score":0.3974253535270691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.36334770917892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.15166279673576355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.12438398599624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.036387115716934204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/1854640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1854640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1854640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197437610","display_name":"The American Historical Review","issn_l":"0002-8762","issn":["0002-8762","1937-5239"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Historical Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-036024250","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/book/61593","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/book/61593","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/204/oa_monograph/book/61593","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033660201","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=2963030","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"software, multimedia"},{"id":"pmh:oai:biblioboard.com:add39361-3448-4149-bd95-4854e61a3ab1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://openresearchlibrary.org/viewer/add39361-3448-4149-bd95-4854e61a3ab1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401131","display_name":"BiblioBoard Library Catalog (Open Research Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MODID-7eecac872fc:University of Hawai'i Press","raw_type":"BOOK"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-036024250","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/book/61593","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46149998903274536,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2947714637","https://openalex.org/W368314989","https://openalex.org/W2042716208","https://openalex.org/W7056965967","https://openalex.org/W2786141640","https://openalex.org/W112970983","https://openalex.org/W6902666360","https://openalex.org/W3033396851","https://openalex.org/W4241193412","https://openalex.org/W2296957238"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,115,174,206,227],"New":[1,38],"York":[2,39],"House":[3,131,207,238,279],"of":[4,30,33,43,57,71,76,129,132,141,176,181,208,233,236,239,248,274,277,280],"Refuge,":[5,133,281],"the":[6,28,31,37,52,55,61,69,72,91,101,104,112,126,130,138,159,165,177,195,204,220,234,237,258,267,278],"first":[7,127],"institution":[8,62],"in":[9,23,90,198,212,266],"America":[10],"to":[11,63,95,111,125,137,148,157,186,241],"deal":[12],"with":[13,27],"juvenile":[14,77,249],"delinquency":[15],"as":[16,219],"a":[17,48,82,230,272],"special":[18],"problem,":[19],"opened":[20],"its":[21],"doors":[22],"1825.":[24],"Deeply":[25],"concerned":[26],"plight":[29],"thousands":[32],"children":[34],"who":[35],"roamed":[36],"City":[40],"streets,":[41],"many":[42],"them":[44],"becoming":[45],"professional":[46],"criminals,":[47],"volunteer":[49],"group":[50],"called":[51],"Society":[53],"for":[54,103],"Reformation":[56],"Juvenile":[58],"Delinquents":[59],"founded":[60],"rehabilitate":[64],"\u201cdeviant\u201d":[65],"adolescents.":[66],"This":[67],"is":[68],"story":[70],"critical":[73],"early":[74],"years":[75],"reform,":[78],"which":[79],"soon":[80],"became":[81],"national":[83],"movement.":[84],"Current":[85],"reform":[86,243],"concepts":[87],"are":[88,292],"discussed":[89],"introduction":[92],"and":[93,180,190,245,254,288,298],"related":[94],"their":[96,121,182],"seventeenth-century":[97],"origins,":[98,285],"thus":[99],"setting":[100],"stage":[102],"1825":[105],"world":[106],"scene":[107],"that":[108],"gave":[109],"rise":[110],"Refuge":[113,135,209,240],"idea.":[114],"following":[116],"chapters":[117],"trace":[118],"events":[119,260],"from":[120],"European":[122],"background":[123],"through":[124,188],"administration":[128],"relating":[134],"history":[136],"changing":[139],"character":[140],"penal":[142],"institutions.":[143],"No":[144],"one":[145],"knew":[146],"how":[147],"turn":[149],"delinquents":[150],"into":[151],"virtuous,":[152],"industrious":[153],"citizens.":[154],"Trial-and-error":[155],"approaches":[156],"solving":[158],"problem":[160],"were":[161],"often":[162],"thwarted":[163],"by":[164,194,215,283],"founders":[166],"themselves,":[167],"but":[168],"some":[169],"methods":[170],"did":[171],"prove":[172],"successful.":[173],"personalities":[175],"institution\u2019s":[178],"administrators":[179],"youthful":[183],"charges":[184],"come":[185],"life":[187],"diary":[189],"journal":[191],"accounts":[192],"kept":[193],"leading":[196],"characters":[197],"this":[199],"historic":[200],"attempt":[201],"at":[202],"\u201ctaming":[203],"deviant.\u201d":[205],"finally":[210],"closed":[211],"1935,":[213],"replaced":[214],"other":[216],"institutions,":[217],"but,":[218],"author":[221],"points":[222],"out,":[223],"problems":[224,247],"remain":[225],"today.":[226],"epilogue":[228],"provides":[229],"broad":[231],"sketch":[232],"importance":[235],"current":[242],"developments":[244],"present-day":[246],"delinquency.":[250],"Extensive":[251],"documentary":[252],"information":[253],"occasional":[255],"sidelights":[256],"on":[257,296],"historical":[259],"under":[261],"discussion":[262],"can":[263],"be":[264],"found":[265],"notes.":[268],"Five":[269],"tables":[270],"present":[271],"sampling":[273],"500":[275],"inmates":[276],"analyzed":[282],"ethnic":[284],"living":[286],"arrangements,":[287],"family":[289],"composition.":[290],"There":[291],"also":[293],"bibliographical":[294],"notes":[295],"sources":[297],"an":[299],"index.":[300]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}