{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2048129083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.08.008","title":"Simultaneous Backscatter and Attenuation Estimation Using a Least Squares Method with Constraints","display_name":"Simultaneous Backscatter and Attenuation Estimation Using a Least Squares Method with Constraints","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2048129083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.08.008","mag":"2048129083","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21963038","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3223333"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.08.008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.08.008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.08.008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109113098","display_name":"Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology","issn_l":"0301-5629","issn":["0301-5629","1879-291X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3223333","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089313813","display_name":"Kibo Nam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8180-7284","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8180-7284"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kibo Nam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. kibonam@wisc.edu","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. kibonam@wisc.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076509012","display_name":"James A. Zagzebski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James A. Zagzebski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033439953","display_name":"Timothy J. Hall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9850-6031","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9850-6031"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy J. Hall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089313813"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"],"apc_list":{"value":2650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5625,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87818761,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"12","first_page":"2096","last_page":"2104"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-backscatter","display_name":"ultrasound backscatter","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-attenuation","display_name":"ultrasonic attenuation","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-ultrasound","display_name":"quantitative ultrasound","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/least-squares-estimation","display_name":"least squares estimation","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constrained-optimization","display_name":"constrained optimization","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tissue-phantoms","display_name":"tissue phantoms","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tissue-heterogeneity","display_name":"tissue heterogeneity","score":0.5870000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104293457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324852","display_name":"Imaging phantom","level":2,"score":0.9063270092010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.8953118324279785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.8569064736366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159774933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902086","display_name":"Attenuation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.5014183521270752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4931902289390564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123688308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7309537","display_name":"Correction for attenuation","level":3,"score":0.49148595333099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56318395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215928","display_name":"Transducer","level":2,"score":0.4852583110332489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.44363313913345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4289627969264984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.36158376932144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3236326575279236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.18640542030334473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08265310525894165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012542","descriptor_name":"Scattering, Radiation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016018","descriptor_name":"Least-Squares Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019220","descriptor_name":"High-Energy Shock Waves","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.08.008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.08.008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.08.008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109113098","display_name":"Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology","issn_l":"0301-5629","issn":["0301-5629","1879-291X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21963038","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21963038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ultrasound in medicine & biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2508419","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3223333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3223333","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3223333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ultrasound Med Biol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2508419","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3223333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4580828747","display_name":"Quantitative Ultrasonic Imaging of the Breast","funder_award_id":"R01CA111289","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989042134","https://openalex.org/W1997861405","https://openalex.org/W2009441128","https://openalex.org/W2012126091","https://openalex.org/W2033809974","https://openalex.org/W2054285307","https://openalex.org/W2058045544","https://openalex.org/W2060406847","https://openalex.org/W2062607866","https://openalex.org/W2091445919","https://openalex.org/W2099339773","https://openalex.org/W2100812565","https://openalex.org/W2101100936","https://openalex.org/W2103030298","https://openalex.org/W2104994738","https://openalex.org/W2105641580","https://openalex.org/W2112523558","https://openalex.org/W2127713478","https://openalex.org/W2131199218","https://openalex.org/W2140116695","https://openalex.org/W2145405426","https://openalex.org/W2149797033","https://openalex.org/W2151165168","https://openalex.org/W2164761629","https://openalex.org/W2336109758","https://openalex.org/W2340646686","https://openalex.org/W2341140623","https://openalex.org/W6676851638"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3177052846","https://openalex.org/W2907657675","https://openalex.org/W2169241961","https://openalex.org/W2054569592","https://openalex.org/W3047273838","https://openalex.org/W3211388944","https://openalex.org/W2087854897","https://openalex.org/W1975421760","https://openalex.org/W3161045350","https://openalex.org/W7067548262"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}