{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2047972770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-0379","title":"Heavy-Duty RCCI Operation Using Natural Gas and Diesel","display_name":"Heavy-Duty RCCI Operation Using Natural Gas and Diesel","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2047972770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-0379","mag":"2047972770"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4271/2012-01-0379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-0379","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-0379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764835558","display_name":"SAE International Journal of Engines","issn_l":"1946-3944","issn":["1946-3944","1946-3936"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322614468","host_organization_name":"SAE International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614468"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAE International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SAE International Journal of Engines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2047972770"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066501525","display_name":"Derek E. Nieman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derek E. Nieman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin, Madison"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin, Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066812961","display_name":"Adam B. Dempsey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5318-7751","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5318-7751"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam B. Dempsey","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin, Madison"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin, Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055610449","display_name":"Rolf D. Reitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-0463","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-0463"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rolf D. Reitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin, Madison"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin, Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.9461,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":312,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99304063,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"05","issue":"2","first_page":"270","last_page":"285"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10553","display_name":"Combustion and flame dynamics","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10507","display_name":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reactivity-controlled-compression-ignition","display_name":"reactivity controlled compression ignition","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-gas","display_name":"natural gas","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diesel-fuel","display_name":"diesel fuel","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-duty-engines","display_name":"heavy-duty engines","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-load-operation","display_name":"high load operation","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual-fuel-combustion","display_name":"dual-fuel combustion","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diesel-injection-timing","display_name":"diesel injection timing","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exhaust-gas-recirculation","display_name":"exhaust gas recirculation","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soot-emissions","display_name":"soot emissions","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nox-emissions","display_name":"NOx emissions","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co-and-hc-emissions","display_name":"CO and HC emissions","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specific-fuel-consumption","display_name":"specific fuel consumption","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engine-design-optimization","display_name":"engine design optimization","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pressure-rise-rate","display_name":"pressure rise rate","score":0.578000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138171918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38423","display_name":"Diesel fuel","level":2,"score":0.7554224729537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993573757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3784054","display_name":"Heavy duty","level":2,"score":0.6189001202583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5606029629707336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59427239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40858","display_name":"Natural gas","level":2,"score":0.44489166140556335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.34381213784217834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.2953277826309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14140954613685608}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4271/2012-01-0379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-0379","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-0379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764835558","display_name":"SAE International Journal of Engines","issn_l":"1946-3944","issn":["1946-3944","1946-3936"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322614468","host_organization_name":"SAE International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614468"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAE International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SAE International Journal of Engines","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5351999998092651}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483239760","https://openalex.org/W1486254029","https://openalex.org/W1490871820","https://openalex.org/W1497445321","https://openalex.org/W1506526940","https://openalex.org/W1520097462","https://openalex.org/W1520364129","https://openalex.org/W1536150609","https://openalex.org/W1544820300","https://openalex.org/W1545300146","https://openalex.org/W1555593005","https://openalex.org/W1557688713","https://openalex.org/W1568728495","https://openalex.org/W1591425206","https://openalex.org/W1591450018","https://openalex.org/W1595419249","https://openalex.org/W1599397860","https://openalex.org/W1602413004","https://openalex.org/W1606429012","https://openalex.org/W1631195230","https://openalex.org/W1731985808","https://openalex.org/W1871875527","https://openalex.org/W1876213451","https://openalex.org/W1895590061","https://openalex.org/W1915325319","https://openalex.org/W1963923002","https://openalex.org/W1976833865","https://openalex.org/W1997194529","https://openalex.org/W2026633216","https://openalex.org/W2046075515","https://openalex.org/W2063816653","https://openalex.org/W2088717094","https://openalex.org/W2109767469","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2126456720","https://openalex.org/W2139565192","https://openalex.org/W2150042478","https://openalex.org/W2153504909","https://openalex.org/W2160499306","https://openalex.org/W3021832706","https://openalex.org/W4249993896"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030986137","https://openalex.org/W2022031604","https://openalex.org/W2055148304","https://openalex.org/W2037900592","https://openalex.org/W2327185489","https://openalex.org/W2010453799","https://openalex.org/W4401081811","https://openalex.org/W2396044819","https://openalex.org/W2295445296","https://openalex.org/W2913498686"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"recent":[1],"studies":[2],"have":[3,61],"shown":[4,62],"that":[5,27,67,172,185,274,314],"the":[6,89,94,125,132,147,176,180,189,192,196,203,209,215,265,299],"Reactivity":[7],"Controlled":[8],"Compression":[9],"Ignition":[10],"(RCCI)":[11],"combustion":[12,29,303,321],"strategy":[13],"can":[14],"achieve":[15],"high":[16,33,45,51,290,305],"efficiency":[17,291],"with":[18,47,146,284],"low":[19,58,293],"emissions.":[20,294],"However,":[21],"it":[22,107,271],"has":[23],"also":[24,297],"been":[25],"revealed":[26],"RCCI":[28,116,302],"is":[30,128,186,318],"difficult":[31],"at":[32,42,304],"loads":[34,46],"due":[35],"to":[36,44,63,93,105,110,158,218,245,251,277,307],"its":[37],"premixed":[38,187],"nature.":[39],"To":[40],"operate":[41],"moderate":[43],"gasoline/diesel":[48],"dual":[49],"fuel,":[50],"amounts":[52],"of":[53,69,101,165,182,191,198,214,269,301],"EGR":[54,210],"or":[55],"an":[56],"ultra":[57],"compression":[59,267],"ratio":[60,268],"be":[64,111,282],"required.":[65],"Considering":[66],"both":[68],"these":[70],"approaches":[71],"inherently":[72],"lower":[73,95],"thermodynamic":[74],"efficiency,":[75],"in":[76,118,130,144,200],"this":[77],"study":[78,296],"natural":[79,102],"gas":[80,103],"was":[81,108,142,217,238,272],"utilized":[82],"as":[83,88,227,229],"a":[84,112,120,152,162],"replacement":[85],"for":[86,115,161,320],"gasoline":[87],"low-reactivity":[90],"fuel.":[91],"Due":[92],"reactivity":[96,122],"(i.e.,":[97],"higher":[98],"octane":[99],"number)":[100],"compared":[104],"gasoline,":[106],"hypothesized":[109],"better":[113],"fuel":[114,184,205],"combustion,":[117],"which":[119],"large":[121],"gradient":[123],"between":[124],"two":[126,193],"fuels":[127],"beneficial":[129],"controlling":[131],"maximum":[133],"pressure":[134],"rise":[135],"rate.":[136],"The":[137,212,295,311],"multi-dimensional":[138],"CFD":[139],"code,":[140],"KIVA3V,":[141],"used":[143],"conjunction":[145],"CHEMKIN":[148],"chemistry":[149],"tool":[150],"and":[151,208,224,231,249,292],"Nondominated":[153],"Sorting":[154],"Genetic":[155],"Algorithm":[156],"(NSGA-II)":[157],"perform":[159],"optimization":[160,216],"wide":[163],"range":[164,237],"engine":[166,262],"operating":[167,241],"conditions.":[168,263],"Engine":[169],"design":[170],"parameters":[171],"were":[173,254],"controlled":[174],"by":[175],"genetic":[177],"algorithm":[178],"include":[179],"fraction":[181],"total":[183],"(methane),":[188],"timing":[190],"diesel":[194,199,204],"injections,":[195],"amount":[197],"each":[201],"injection,":[202],"injection":[206,308,316],"pressure,":[207],"percentage.":[211],"objective":[213],"simultaneously":[219],"minimize":[220],"soot,":[221],"NOx,":[222],"CO,":[223],"UHC":[225],"emissions,":[226],"well":[228],"ISFC":[230],"ringing":[232],"intensity.":[233],"A":[234],"broad":[235],"load/speed":[236,257],"investigated;":[239],"six":[240],"points":[242],"from":[243],"4":[244],"23":[246],"bar":[247,279],"IMEP":[248,280],"800":[250],"1800":[252],"rev/min":[253],"optimized.":[255],"These":[256],"combinations":[258],"represent":[259],"typical":[260],"heavy-duty":[261],"Using":[264],"stock":[266],"16.1,":[270],"determined":[273],"operation":[275],"up":[276],"13.5":[278],"could":[281],"achieved":[283],"no":[285],"EGR,":[286],"while":[287],"still":[288],"maintaining":[289],"examined":[298],"sensitivity":[300],"load":[306],"system":[309],"parameters.":[310],"results":[312],"emphasize":[313],"precise":[315],"control":[317],"needed":[319],"control.":[322]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}