{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2046957836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jegh.2014.08.002","title":"A cluster-randomised controlled trial to test the efficacy of facemasks in preventing respiratory viral infection among Hajj pilgrims","display_name":"A cluster-randomised controlled trial to test the efficacy of facemasks in preventing respiratory viral infection among Hajj pilgrims","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2046957836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jegh.2014.08.002","mag":"2046957836","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25922328","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7103985"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jegh.2014.08.002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jegh.2014.08.002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jegh.2014.08.002","pdf_url":"https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125906011.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764371953","display_name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","issn_l":"2210-6006","issn":["2210-6006","2210-6014"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125906011.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085633031","display_name":"Mandy Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6509-6926","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6509-6926"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802384191","display_name":"Children's Hospital at Westmead","ror":"https://ror.org/05k0s5494","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802384191"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162536","display_name":"National Centre for Immunisation Research & Surveillance","ror":"https://ror.org/05vd34735","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162536"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mandy Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802384191","https://openalex.org/I4210162536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047293141","display_name":"Osamah Barasheed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9335-6019","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9335-6019"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802384191","display_name":"Children's Hospital at Westmead","ror":"https://ror.org/05k0s5494","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802384191"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162536","display_name":"National Centre for Immunisation Research & Surveillance","ror":"https://ror.org/05vd34735","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162536"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Osamah Barasheed","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: osamah.barasheed@health.nsw.gov.au","National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: osamah.barasheed@health.nsw.gov.au","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802384191","https://openalex.org/I4210162536"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802384191","https://openalex.org/I4210162536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079508332","display_name":"Harunor Rashid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2286-5139","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2286-5139"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802384191","display_name":"Children's Hospital at Westmead","ror":"https://ror.org/05k0s5494","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802384191"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162536","display_name":"National Centre for Immunisation Research & Surveillance","ror":"https://ror.org/05vd34735","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162536"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harunor Rashid","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802384191","https://openalex.org/I4210162536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073018219","display_name":"Robert Booy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1953-7452","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1953-7452"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802384191","display_name":"Children's Hospital at Westmead","ror":"https://ror.org/05k0s5494","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802384191"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162536","display_name":"National Centre for Immunisation Research & Surveillance","ror":"https://ror.org/05vd34735","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162536"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Booy","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia","Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia","National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602","https://openalex.org/I2802384191","https://openalex.org/I4210162536"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802384191","https://openalex.org/I4210162536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113630710","display_name":"Haitham El Bashir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4014-8750","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4014-8750"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49828101","display_name":"Hamad Medical Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/02zwb6n98","country_code":"QA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49828101"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haitham El Bashir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49828101"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111869357","display_name":"Elizabeth Haworth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6038-3555","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6038-3555"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth Haworth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034218651","display_name":"Iman Ridda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802384191","display_name":"Children's Hospital at Westmead","ror":"https://ror.org/05k0s5494","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802384191"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162536","display_name":"National Centre for Immunisation Research & Surveillance","ror":"https://ror.org/05vd34735","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162536"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iman Ridda","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802384191","https://openalex.org/I4210162536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085736091","display_name":"Edward Charles Holmes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9596-3552","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9596-3552"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward C. Holmes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071365073","display_name":"Dominic E. Dwyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7163-2844","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7163-2844"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803024705","display_name":"Westmead Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gp5yv64","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803024705","https://openalex.org/I4405259172"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominic E. Dwyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia; Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services (CIDMLS), Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia","Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services (CIDMLS), Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia","Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia; Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services (CIDMLS), Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602","https://openalex.org/I2803024705"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services (CIDMLS), Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803024705"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011296226","display_name":"Jonathan S. Nguyen\u2010Van\u2010Tam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2579-4655","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2579-4655"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Nguyen-Van-Tam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham (World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Pandemic Influenza and Research), UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham (World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Pandemic Influenza and Research), UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042044329","display_name":"Ziad Ahmed Memish","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5099-0714","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5099-0714"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134359838","display_name":"Alfaisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cdrtq48","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134359838"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127754","display_name":"Ministry of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/030atj633","country_code":"SA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127754"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziad A. Memish","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Health and College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","Ministry of Health & College of Medicine Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Health and College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134359838","https://openalex.org/I4210127754"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Health & College of Medicine Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134359838","https://openalex.org/I4210127754"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002332313","display_name":"Leon G. Heron","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802384191","display_name":"Children's Hospital at Westmead","ror":"https://ror.org/05k0s5494","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802384191"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162536","display_name":"National Centre for Immunisation Research & Surveillance","ror":"https://ror.org/05vd34735","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162536"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leon Heron","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802384191","https://openalex.org/I4210162536"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047293141"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802384191","https://openalex.org/I4210162536"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":3.4171,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91733355,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"181","last_page":"181"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12402","display_name":"Travel-related health issues","score":0.9115999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12402","display_name":"Travel-related health issues","score":0.9115999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10990","display_name":"Infection Control and Ventilation","score":0.06120000034570694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11243","display_name":"Respiratory viral infections research","score":0.015699999406933784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-masks","display_name":"face masks","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-viral-infections","display_name":"respiratory viral infections","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-gatherings","display_name":"mass gatherings","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hajj-pilgrimage","display_name":"Hajj pilgrimage","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infection-control","display_name":"infection control","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mask-wearing","display_name":"masking","score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-tract-infections","display_name":"respiratory infections","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus-transmission","display_name":"virus transmission","score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flu-like-symptoms","display_name":"flu-like symptoms","score":0.531000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9632588624954224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781009399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234915","display_name":"Hajj","level":3,"score":0.8271605968475342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776012195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754447","display_name":"Respiratory tract infections","level":3,"score":0.5444972515106201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5443016290664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5176944732666016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780805593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2622199","display_name":"Upper respiratory tract infection","level":2,"score":0.5133344531059265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.5009260177612305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.49230849742889404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176400912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3058662","display_name":"Cluster randomised controlled trial","level":3,"score":0.47484973073005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.46505269408226013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.4164770245552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779644171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13400765","display_name":"Respiratory tract","level":3,"score":0.41420403122901917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534529494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891","display_name":"Respiratory system","level":2,"score":0.39787375926971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.3800846040248871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.22650134563446045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4445939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432","display_name":"Islam","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007251","descriptor_name":"Influenza, Human","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007514","descriptor_name":"Islam","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008397","descriptor_name":"Masks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012529","descriptor_name":"Saudi Arabia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014195","descriptor_name":"Travel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jegh.2014.08.002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jegh.2014.08.002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jegh.2014.08.002","pdf_url":"https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125906011.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764371953","display_name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","issn_l":"2210-6006","issn":["2210-6006","2210-6014"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25922328","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25922328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of epidemiology and global health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7103985","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7103985/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Epidemiol Glob Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/:734923","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/734923","pdf_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/preview/734953/Wang-2015-A%20cluster-randomised%20controlled%20tria.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402483","display_name":"Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ecite.utas.edu.au:100739","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ecite.utas.edu.au/100739","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401569","display_name":"eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I129801699","host_organization_name":"University of Tasmania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129801699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Refereed Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b51532ba8b644e10847143293e23135d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b51532ba8b644e10847143293e23135d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, Vol 5, Iss 2 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.nottingham.ac.uk:32815","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/32815/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402014","display_name":"Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/22925114","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_cluster-randomised_controlled_trial_to_test_the_efficacy_of_facemasks_in_preventing_respiratory_viral_infection_among_Hajj_pilgrims/22925114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nottingham-repository.worktribe.com:734923","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jegh.2014.08.002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402483","display_name":"Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jegh.2014.08.002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jegh.2014.08.002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jegh.2014.08.002","pdf_url":"https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125906011.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764371953","display_name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","issn_l":"2210-6006","issn":["2210-6006","2210-6014"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9922999739646912}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Study Protocol","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/study-protocol"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2196595091","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NPRP 6 \u2013 1505 \u2013 3 \u2013 358","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","funder_display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6709877744","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NPRP 6","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","funder_display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G992702339","display_name":"positive ageing","funder_award_id":"630739","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334705","funder_display_name":"National Health and Medical Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/039z13y21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/01svaqq28"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334705","display_name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/011kf5r70"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2046957836.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2046957836.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W107445295","https://openalex.org/W1538605407","https://openalex.org/W1557580289","https://openalex.org/W1593528106","https://openalex.org/W1910874260","https://openalex.org/W1968179080","https://openalex.org/W1968393246","https://openalex.org/W1973493827","https://openalex.org/W1984700895","https://openalex.org/W1998725525","https://openalex.org/W2003895765","https://openalex.org/W2012327124","https://openalex.org/W2036650299","https://openalex.org/W2044998594","https://openalex.org/W2063797600","https://openalex.org/W2080355293","https://openalex.org/W2087836539","https://openalex.org/W2093442069","https://openalex.org/W2106589588","https://openalex.org/W2109807169","https://openalex.org/W2110835349","https://openalex.org/W2111211467","https://openalex.org/W2112147913","https://openalex.org/W2144605369","https://openalex.org/W2158028643","https://openalex.org/W2161872802","https://openalex.org/W2162023315","https://openalex.org/W2165959932","https://openalex.org/W2169371055","https://openalex.org/W2729465560","https://openalex.org/W6632126245"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3008225795","https://openalex.org/W3091799352","https://openalex.org/W2036650299","https://openalex.org/W3119335571","https://openalex.org/W4401118422","https://openalex.org/W6884908085","https://openalex.org/W3083841688","https://openalex.org/W2185712438","https://openalex.org/W2593361371","https://openalex.org/W2093442069"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Cost-effective":[1],"interventions":[2],"are":[3,19],"needed":[4],"to":[5,53,58,78,141,186],"control":[6],"the":[7,28,43,80,95,107,133,193,214,234],"transmission":[8],"of":[9,30,82,110,172,195,216],"viral":[10,90,198,222],"respiratory":[11,173,197,223],"tract":[12,224],"infections":[13,225],"(RTIs)":[14],"in":[15,46,85,98,157,220],"mass":[16,227],"gatherings.":[17,228],"Facemasks":[18],"a":[20,38,129],"promising":[21],"preventive":[22],"measure,":[23],"however,":[24],"previous":[25],"studies":[26],"on":[27,148,213],"efficacy":[29,81,215],"facemasks":[31,84,137],"have":[32],"been":[33],"inconclusive.":[34],"This":[35,207,229],"study":[36,230],"proposes":[37],"large-scale":[39],"facemask":[40,218],"trial":[41,74,104,208],"during":[42,94],"Hajj":[44,96,119],"pilgrimage":[45],"Saudi":[47,101],"Arabia":[48],"and":[49,57,66,88,151,167,180,200],"presents":[50],"this":[51],"protocol":[52],"illustrate":[54],"its":[55],"feasibility":[56],"promote":[59],"both":[60],"collaboration":[61],"with":[62,128],"other":[63],"research":[64],"groups":[65],"additional":[67],"relevant":[68],"studies.":[69],"METHODS/DESIGN:":[70],"A":[71],"cluster-randomised":[72],"controlled":[73],"is":[75,231],"being":[76],"conducted":[77],"test":[79],"standard":[83,217],"preventing":[86,221],"symptomatic":[87,165],"proven":[89],"RTIs":[91],"among":[92,115],"pilgrims":[93,116],"season":[97],"Mina,":[99],"Mecca,":[100],"Arabia.":[102],"The":[103],"will":[105,122,138,154,161,183,209],"compare":[106],"'supervised":[108],"use":[109,153,190,219],"facemasks'":[111],"versus":[112],"'standard":[113],"measures'":[114],"over":[117],"several":[118],"seasons.":[120],"Cluster-randomisation":[121],"be":[123,139,142,155,162,184],"done":[124],"by":[125],"accommodation":[126],"tents":[127],"1:1":[130],"ratio.":[131],"For":[132],"intervention":[134],"tents,":[135],"free":[136],"provided":[140],"worn":[143],"consistently":[144],"for":[145,169],"7days.":[146],"Data":[147,175],"flu-like":[149],"symptoms":[150],"mask":[152,189],"recorded":[156],"diaries.":[158],"Nasal":[159],"samples":[160],"collected":[163],"from":[164,177],"recruits":[166],"tested":[168],"nucleic":[170],"acid":[171],"viruses.":[174],"obtained":[176],"questionnaires,":[178],"diaries":[179],"laboratory":[181],"tests":[182],"analysed":[185],"examine":[187],"whether":[188],"significantly":[191],"reduces":[192],"frequency":[194],"laboratory-confirmed":[196],"infection":[199],"syndromic":[201],"RTI":[202],"as":[203],"primary":[204],"outcomes.":[205],"CONCLUSIONS:":[206],"provide":[210],"valuable":[211],"evidence":[212],"at":[226,233],"registered":[232],"Australian":[235],"New":[236],"Zealand":[237],"Clinical":[238],"Trials":[239],"Registry":[240],"(ANZCTR),":[241],"ACTRN:":[242],"ACTRN12613001018707":[243],"(http://www.anzctr.org.au).":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
