{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2046926527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08934210500309843","title":"The Influence of Instructional Technology Use and Teacher Immediacy on Student Affect for Teacher and Course","display_name":"The Influence of Instructional Technology Use and Teacher Immediacy on Student Affect for Teacher and Course","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2046926527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08934210500309843","mag":"2046926527"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/08934210500309843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08934210500309843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08934210500309843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143032485","display_name":"Communication Reports","issn_l":"0893-4215","issn":["0893-4215","1745-1043"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communication Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113560978","display_name":"Paul L. Witt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","display_name":"University of North Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v97ad02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul L. Witt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Texas","Univ of North texas"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Texas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ of North texas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066310407","display_name":"Paul Schrodt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0311-1817","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0311-1817"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Schrodt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nebraska-Lincoln","#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# University of Nebraska-Lincoln#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# University of Nebraska-Lincoln#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113560978"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5928,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8955354,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12593","display_name":"Communication in Education and Healthcare","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12593","display_name":"Communication in Education and Healthcare","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.01860000006854534,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11039","display_name":"Evaluation of Teaching Practices","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instructional-technology-use","display_name":"instructional technology use","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-affect","display_name":"student affect","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderating-effect","display_name":"moderating effect","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curvilinear-effects","display_name":"curvilinear effects","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classroom-communication","display_name":"classroom communication","score":0.4320000112056732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780340563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2811064","display_name":"Immediacy","level":2,"score":0.9723120927810669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8237152099609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7635356187820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145633318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207125","display_name":"Nonverbal communication","level":2,"score":0.7203789949417114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.513011634349823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985530498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Instructional technology","level":3,"score":0.43774157762527466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4191630780696869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.31031668186187744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.2491588294506073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.20361286401748657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.07515186071395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/08934210500309843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08934210500309843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08934210500309843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143032485","display_name":"Communication Reports","issn_l":"0893-4215","issn":["0893-4215","1745-1043"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communication Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9901999831199646}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78305211","https://openalex.org/W119947561","https://openalex.org/W144883964","https://openalex.org/W147274384","https://openalex.org/W263115721","https://openalex.org/W297232800","https://openalex.org/W1528419419","https://openalex.org/W1549583661","https://openalex.org/W1618566167","https://openalex.org/W1678916964","https://openalex.org/W1906276607","https://openalex.org/W1973031900","https://openalex.org/W1973253828","https://openalex.org/W1980524840","https://openalex.org/W1983867550","https://openalex.org/W1987417767","https://openalex.org/W1987617931","https://openalex.org/W1989772921","https://openalex.org/W1990793340","https://openalex.org/W1995479193","https://openalex.org/W1999763637","https://openalex.org/W2003363733","https://openalex.org/W2005880885","https://openalex.org/W2015900931","https://openalex.org/W2020703290","https://openalex.org/W2022928985","https://openalex.org/W2023249968","https://openalex.org/W2024654557","https://openalex.org/W2030131080","https://openalex.org/W2030952878","https://openalex.org/W2031712876","https://openalex.org/W2032633302","https://openalex.org/W2038686176","https://openalex.org/W2040750330","https://openalex.org/W2041470759","https://openalex.org/W2041588170","https://openalex.org/W2041707516","https://openalex.org/W2043465342","https://openalex.org/W2044373173","https://openalex.org/W2048987794","https://openalex.org/W2051015929","https://openalex.org/W2053262659","https://openalex.org/W2053693938","https://openalex.org/W2054432800","https://openalex.org/W2054799530","https://openalex.org/W2056384803","https://openalex.org/W2059689406","https://openalex.org/W2064510485","https://openalex.org/W2069753881","https://openalex.org/W2069942761","https://openalex.org/W2074436829","https://openalex.org/W2075957036","https://openalex.org/W2078848266","https://openalex.org/W2079435428","https://openalex.org/W2081007468","https://openalex.org/W2084807187","https://openalex.org/W2085725685","https://openalex.org/W2154767922","https://openalex.org/W2176458999","https://openalex.org/W2235082049","https://openalex.org/W2316972015","https://openalex.org/W2580389126","https://openalex.org/W2765282730","https://openalex.org/W2765969315","https://openalex.org/W2904559342","https://openalex.org/W3146115948","https://openalex.org/W6640002018"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2078372290","https://openalex.org/W7112320474","https://openalex.org/W2075957036","https://openalex.org/W2031874695","https://openalex.org/W2958280883","https://openalex.org/W2625352167","https://openalex.org/W1999763637","https://openalex.org/W7153729642","https://openalex.org/W2765183032","https://openalex.org/W2130669298"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"examined":[2],"the":[3,11,27,103,114,128,137,153,159,162,171,177],"extent":[4],"to":[5,40],"which":[6],"teacher":[7,63],"nonverbal":[8,64,93],"immediacy":[9,65,94,133],"moderates":[10],"effects":[12,86],"of":[13,16,24,42,52,62,105,127,140,164,173],"different":[14,118],"levels":[15,51,61],"instructional":[17,89,106,174],"technology":[18,53,90,107,141,175],"use":[19,54,91,104,142],"on":[20,95,143],"students'":[21,96,144],"initial":[22],"perceptions":[23],"affect":[25,145],"for":[26,87,119,146,155],"course":[28],"and":[29,59,92,121],"instructor.":[30],"Participants":[31],"included":[32],"549":[33],"college":[34],"students":[35],"who":[36],"were":[37],"randomly":[38],"assigned":[39],"one":[41],"eight":[43],"scenarios":[44],"depicting":[45],"first-day":[46],"class":[47],"sessions":[48],"across":[49,132],"four":[50],"(none,":[55],"minimal,":[56],"moderate,":[57],"complete)":[58],"two":[60],"(highly":[66],"immediate,":[67],"nonimmediate).":[68],"A":[69],"4":[70],"\u00d7":[71],"2":[72],"factorial":[73],"ANOVA":[74],"produced":[75],"a":[76,110],"significant":[77,84],"two-way":[78],"interaction":[79],"effect,":[80,112],"as":[81,83],"well":[82],"main":[85],"both":[88],"affect.":[97],"Planned":[98],"cell":[99],"comparisons":[100,126],"revealed":[101],"that":[102,136,169],"has":[108],"primarily":[109],"curvilinear":[111,129,138],"though":[113],"effect":[115,130,139,154],"was":[116,150],"somewhat":[117],"immediate":[120,148],"nonimmediate":[122,156],"teachers.":[123,157],"Post":[124],"hoc":[125],"sizes":[131],"conditions":[134],"confirmed":[135],"highly":[147],"teachers":[149],"greater":[151],"than":[152],"Overall,":[158],"results":[160],"highlight":[161],"importance":[163],"considering":[165],"those":[166],"instructor":[167],"behaviors":[168],"moderate":[170],"influence":[172],"in":[176],"classroom.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}