{"id":"https://openalex.org/W204688924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-1998-7-817","title":"Varieties of Emergence in Artificial and Natural Systems","display_name":"Varieties of Emergence in Artificial and Natural Systems","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W204688924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-1998-7-817","mag":"204688924"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/znc-1998-7-817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-1998-7-817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-1998-7-817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67401564","display_name":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Naturforschung C","issn_l":"0341-0471","issn":["0341-0471","0939-5075","1865-7125"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Naturforschung C","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-1998-7-817","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047107147","display_name":"Achim Stephan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0357-4435","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0357-4435"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163803","display_name":"Institute for Advanced Study","ror":"https://ror.org/05fj6by70","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163803"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Achim Stephan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Philosophie der Universit\u00e4t Karlsruhe (TH), Postfach 6980, D-76128 Karlsruhe at present: Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg, Fischstr. 31, D-27749 Delmenhorst"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Philosophie der Universit\u00e4t Karlsruhe (TH), Postfach 6980, D-76128 Karlsruhe at present: Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg, Fischstr. 31, D-27749 Delmenhorst","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I4210163803"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047107147"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I4210163803"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2712},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2712},"fwci":2.9901,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89922697,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"7-8","first_page":"639","last_page":"656"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10258","display_name":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","score":0.8949999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10258","display_name":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","score":0.8949999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.07540000230073929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12469","display_name":"Chaos, Complexity, and Education","score":0.010700000450015068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergence","display_name":"emergence","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualia","display_name":"qualia","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-mind","display_name":"philosophy of mind","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connectionism","display_name":"connectionism","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamical-systems-theory","display_name":"dynamical systems theory","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-systems","display_name":"artificial systems","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-systems","display_name":"natural systems","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergent-properties","display_name":"emergent properties","score":0.8569999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173366509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206829","display_name":"Reductionism","level":2,"score":0.8370303511619568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13019672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282250","display_name":"Qualia","level":3,"score":0.7693687677383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8521452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203790","display_name":"Connectionism","level":3,"score":0.6781731247901917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.522602379322052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79379906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3174497","display_name":"Dynamical systems theory","level":2,"score":0.5042248964309692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.49825453758239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.48596465587615967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.42482835054397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3899012804031372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.3735102415084839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2974661588668823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186720457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7087","display_name":"Consciousness","level":2,"score":0.17791223526000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.16990041732788086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.13352519273757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1067064106464386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08761730790138245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1515/znc-1998-7-817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-1998-7-817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-1998-7-817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67401564","display_name":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Naturforschung C","issn_l":"0341-0471","issn":["0341-0471","0939-5075","1865-7125"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Naturforschung C","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/znc-1998-7-817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-1998-7-817","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-1998-7-817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S67401564","display_name":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Naturforschung C","issn_l":"0341-0471","issn":["0341-0471","0939-5075","1865-7125"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Naturforschung C","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2183376694","https://openalex.org/W1168251072","https://openalex.org/W3034583651","https://openalex.org/W2202054188","https://openalex.org/W7065555769","https://openalex.org/W1693619303","https://openalex.org/W2148713873","https://openalex.org/W7098316469","https://openalex.org/W3158982547","https://openalex.org/W7065819388"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1],"different":[2,18],"disciplines":[3],"such":[4],"as":[5],"philosophy":[6,44],"of":[7,25,45,60,65,68,72,81],"mind,":[8,46],"dynamical":[9,73],"systems":[10,74],"theory,":[11],"and":[12,29],"connec\u00adtionism":[13],"the":[14,49],"term":[15],"\u2018emergence\u2019":[16],"has":[17],"jobs":[19],"to":[20],"perform.":[21],"Therefore,":[22],"various":[23],"concepts":[24],"emergence":[26],"are":[27,34,41],"developed":[28],"examined.":[30],"While":[31],"weaker":[32,79],"versions":[33,40],"compatible":[35],"with":[36,78],"prop\u00aderty":[37],"reductionism,":[38],"stronger":[39],"not.":[42],"Within":[43],"particularly":[47],"within":[48],"qualia":[50],"debate":[51],"there":[52],"is":[53],"a":[54,57],"need":[55],"for":[56],"strong":[58],"notion":[59],"emergence,":[61],"while":[62],"in":[63],"discussions":[64],"emergent":[66],"properties":[67],"connectionist":[69],"nets":[70],"or":[71],"one":[75],"can":[76],"do":[77],"notions":[80],"emergence.":[82]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}