{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2046613633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1882135","title":"The General Theory of Location and Space-Economy","display_name":"The General Theory of Location and Space-Economy","publication_year":1949,"publication_date":"1949-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2046613633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1882135","mag":"2046613633"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/1882135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1882135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1882135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S203860005","display_name":"The Quarterly Journal of Economics","issn_l":"0033-5533","issn":["0033-5533","1531-4650"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Quarterly Journal of Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051991441","display_name":"Walter Isard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Walter Isard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051991441"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":{"value":7619,"currency":"USD","value_usd":7619},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":135,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13191226,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"4","first_page":"476","last_page":"476"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12853","display_name":"Historical Geography and Geographical Thought","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10785","display_name":"Economic Theory and Institutions","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/location-theory","display_name":"location theory","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-economics","display_name":"spatial economics","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alfred-weber","display_name":"Alfred Weber","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substitution-principle","display_name":"substitution principle","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/losch","display_name":"L\u00f6sch","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monopolistic-competition","display_name":"monopolistic competition","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-theory","display_name":"trade theory","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-economic-thought","display_name":"history of economic thought","score":0.7070000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80799131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379579","display_name":"Monopolistic competition","level":3,"score":0.9658063054084778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7700073719024658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.589535653591156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5207395553588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.49157461524009705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992002026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1111474","display_name":"General theory","level":2,"score":0.48910123109817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778220771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1522579","display_name":"Substitution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.48100361227989197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103382277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282640","display_name":"General equilibrium theory","level":2,"score":0.45721104741096497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.43168431520462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75586009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570579","display_name":"Location theory","level":2,"score":0.42502132058143616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133425853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60571","display_name":"Neoclassical economics","level":1,"score":0.4128720164299011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.36923444271087646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3263387382030487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.18158483505249023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09466871619224548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781127519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43637","display_name":"Monopoly","level":2,"score":0.07358583807945251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.06820258498191833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/1882135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1882135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1882135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S203860005","display_name":"The Quarterly Journal of Economics","issn_l":"0033-5533","issn":["0033-5533","1531-4650"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Quarterly Journal of Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:oup:qjecon:v:63:y:1949:i:4:p:476-506.","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.2307/1882135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2483890301","https://openalex.org/W982062623","https://openalex.org/W4256267540","https://openalex.org/W2905131837","https://openalex.org/W2729956848","https://openalex.org/W187816146","https://openalex.org/W2477851997","https://openalex.org/W4249382973","https://openalex.org/W1997956872","https://openalex.org/W1526842189"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"I.":[0],"Introduction,":[1],"476.":[2],"\u2014":[3,18,29,37,52,63],"II.":[4],"Early":[5],"contributions":[6],"to":[7],"general":[8],"location":[9,26,60],"theory:":[10],"the":[11,22],"evolutionary":[12],"approach":[13],"of":[14,33,42,48,57],"Alfred":[15],"Weber,":[16],"479.":[17],"III.":[19],"Pred\u00f6hl":[20],"and":[21,59],"substitution":[23],"principle":[24],"in":[25],"analysis,":[27],"482.":[28],"IV.":[30],"The":[31,39,54],"contribution":[32],"Hans":[34],"Weigmann,":[35],"489.":[36],"V.":[38],"L\u00f6sch":[40],"model":[41],"a":[43],"space-economy":[44],"operating":[45],"under":[46],"conditions":[47],"monopolistic":[49],"competition,":[50],"494.":[51],"VI.":[53],"inter":[55],"relation":[56],"trade":[58],"theories,":[61],"502.":[62],"VII.":[64],"Conclusion,":[65],"505.":[66]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-24T09:50:30.924529","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}