{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2045926009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2435171","title":"Correlation between near-surface electromagnetic soil parameters and early-time GPR signals: An experimental study","display_name":"Correlation between near-surface electromagnetic soil parameters and early-time GPR signals: An experimental study","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2045926009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2435171","mag":"2045926009"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1190/1.2435171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2435171","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2435171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106174089","display_name":"Geophysics","issn_l":"0016-8033","issn":["0016-8033","1942-2156"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316678","host_organization_name":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316678"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society of Exploration Geophysicists"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062876996","display_name":"Elena Pettinelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7066-6516","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7066-6516"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119003972","display_name":"Roma Tre University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf0dg29","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138938424","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Tuscia","ror":"https://ror.org/03svwq685","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875825670","display_name":"National Institute for Astrophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/02gh4kt33","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875825670"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Pettinelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy. E-mail: pettinelli@fis.uniroma3.it; dipasquo@fis.uniroma3.it","Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Rome, Italy. ","Sensors and Software, Inc., Mississauga, Canada. ","Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy and Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienza Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. ","Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy. ","Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy. E-mail: pettinelli@fis.uniroma3.it; dipasquo@fis.uniroma3.it","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Rome, Italy. ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875825670"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sensors and Software, Inc., Mississauga, Canada. ","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy and Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienza Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119003972","https://openalex.org/I138938424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy. ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024291477","display_name":"G. Vannaroni","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119003972","display_name":"Roma Tre University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf0dg29","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138938424","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Tuscia","ror":"https://ror.org/03svwq685","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875825670","display_name":"National Institute for Astrophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/02gh4kt33","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875825670"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuliano Vannaroni","raw_affiliation_strings":["2Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Rome, Italy. E-mail: giuliano.vannaroni@ifsi-roma.inaf.it","Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Rome, Italy. ","Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Rome, Italy. E-mail: ","Sensors and Software, Inc., Mississauga, Canada. ","Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy and Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienza Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. ","Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Rome, Italy. E-mail: giuliano.vannaroni@ifsi-roma.inaf.it","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875825670"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Rome, Italy. ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875825670"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Rome, Italy. E-mail: ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875825670"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sensors and Software, Inc., Mississauga, Canada. ","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy and Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienza Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119003972","https://openalex.org/I138938424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080322873","display_name":"Barbara Di Pasquo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119003972","display_name":"Roma Tre University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf0dg29","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138938424","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Tuscia","ror":"https://ror.org/03svwq685","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875825670","display_name":"National Institute for Astrophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/02gh4kt33","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875825670"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbara Di Pasquo","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy. E-mail: pettinelli@fis.uniroma3.it; dipasquo@fis.uniroma3.it","Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Rome, Italy. ","Sensors and Software, Inc., Mississauga, Canada. ","Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy and Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienza Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. ","Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy. ","Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy. E-mail: pettinelli@fis.uniroma3.it; dipasquo@fis.uniroma3.it","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Rome, Italy. ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875825670"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sensors and Software, Inc., Mississauga, Canada. ","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy and Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienza Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119003972","https://openalex.org/I138938424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy. ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080155215","display_name":"Elisabetta Mattei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2692-0959","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2692-0959"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119003972","display_name":"Roma Tre University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf0dg29","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138938424","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Tuscia","ror":"https://ror.org/03svwq685","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875825670","display_name":"National Institute for Astrophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/02gh4kt33","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875825670"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisabetta Mattei","raw_affiliation_strings":["3Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. E-mail: mattei@unitus.it; desantis@unitus.it","Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Rome, Italy. ","Sensors and Software, Inc., Mississauga, Canada. ","Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy and Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienza Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. ","Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy. ","Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. E-mail: mattei@unitus.it; desantis@unitus.it","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Rome, Italy. ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875825670"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sensors and Software, Inc., Mississauga, Canada. ","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy and Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienza Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119003972","https://openalex.org/I138938424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy. ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Andrea Di Matteo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119003972","display_name":"Roma Tre University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf0dg29","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138938424","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Tuscia","ror":"https://ror.org/03svwq685","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875825670","display_name":"National Institute for Astrophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/02gh4kt33","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875825670"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Di Matteo","raw_affiliation_strings":["4Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy and Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienza Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. E-mail: dimatteo@unitus.it","Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Rome, Italy. ","Sensors and Software, Inc., Mississauga, Canada. ","Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy and Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienza Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. ","Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy. ","Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"4Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy and Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienza Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. E-mail: dimatteo@unitus.it","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119003972","https://openalex.org/I138938424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Rome, Italy. ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875825670"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sensors and Software, Inc., Mississauga, Canada. ","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy and Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienza Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119003972","https://openalex.org/I138938424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy. ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036218807","display_name":"Alberto De Santis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5175-4951","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5175-4951"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119003972","display_name":"Roma Tre University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf0dg29","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138938424","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Tuscia","ror":"https://ror.org/03svwq685","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875825670","display_name":"National Institute for Astrophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/02gh4kt33","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875825670"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto De Santis","raw_affiliation_strings":["3Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. E-mail: mattei@unitus.it; desantis@unitus.it","Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Rome, Italy. ","Sensors and Software, Inc., Mississauga, Canada. ","Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy and Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienza Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. ","Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy. ","Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. E-mail: mattei@unitus.it; desantis@unitus.it","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Rome, Italy. ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875825670"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sensors and Software, Inc., Mississauga, Canada. ","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy and Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienza Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119003972","https://openalex.org/I138938424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy. ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109158087","display_name":"Peter Annan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119003972","display_name":"Roma Tre University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf0dg29","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138938424","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Tuscia","ror":"https://ror.org/03svwq685","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875825670","display_name":"National Institute for Astrophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/02gh4kt33","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875825670"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter A. Annan","raw_affiliation_strings":["5Sensors and Software, Inc., Mississauga, Canada. E-mail: apa@sensoft.ca","Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Rome, Italy. ","Sensors and Software, Inc., Mississauga, Canada. ","Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy and Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienza Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. ","Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy. ","Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5Sensors and Software, Inc., Mississauga, Canada. E-mail: apa@sensoft.ca","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Rome, Italy. ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875825670"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sensors and Software, Inc., Mississauga, Canada. ","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy and Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienza Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119003972","https://openalex.org/I138938424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica E. Amaldi, Rome, Italy. ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 de La Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Viterbo, Italy. ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6696,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95298867,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"2","first_page":"A25","last_page":"A28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"ground penetrating radar","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-permittivity","display_name":"soil permittivity","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-electrical-conductivity","display_name":"soil electrical conductivity","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain-reflectometry","display_name":"time domain reflectometry","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-wave","display_name":"ground wave","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-moisture","display_name":"soil moisture","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-variability","display_name":"spatial variability","score":0.6980000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.9639896154403687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778925768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454718","display_name":"Reflectometry","level":3,"score":0.8548562526702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121923324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q681004","display_name":"Subsoil","level":3,"score":0.8515540957450867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.707682728767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6201553344726562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.589381754398346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5483872294425964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65155139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380912","display_name":"Envelope (radar)","level":3,"score":0.5120928287506104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168651791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211569","display_name":"Permittivity","level":3,"score":0.4846356511116028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.4738236665725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.4234873652458191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.37542131543159485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.33305293321609497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.25391554832458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2494354546070099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23978859186172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.1913219392299652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.18803754448890686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13716617226600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.13158679008483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1190/1.2435171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2435171","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2435171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106174089","display_name":"Geophysics","issn_l":"0016-8033","issn":["0016-8033","1942-2156"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316678","host_organization_name":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316678"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society of Exploration Geophysicists"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma3.it:11590/147385","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11590/147385","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196120","display_name":"Iris (Roma Tre University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I119003972","host_organization_name":"Roma Tre University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1594608311","https://openalex.org/W1968351819","https://openalex.org/W1990289403","https://openalex.org/W1998742682","https://openalex.org/W2009847233","https://openalex.org/W2023988086","https://openalex.org/W2036728298","https://openalex.org/W2045692066","https://openalex.org/W2047231326","https://openalex.org/W2067722023","https://openalex.org/W2125282090","https://openalex.org/W2150493485","https://openalex.org/W2151681972","https://openalex.org/W2171923309","https://openalex.org/W3010100333","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087993138","https://openalex.org/W1967180265","https://openalex.org/W2021756801","https://openalex.org/W1966141910","https://openalex.org/W204592142","https://openalex.org/W2318433969","https://openalex.org/W2332422343","https://openalex.org/W2086898362","https://openalex.org/W1649215366","https://openalex.org/W2081477049"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"We":[1],"explore":[2],"a":[3,25,49,120],"new":[4],"approach":[5,122],"to":[6],"evaluate":[7,65],"the":[8,30,44,60,66,69,75,80,84,89,96,111,125],"effect":[9,67],"of":[10,59,68,83,128],"soil":[11,61,113],"electromagnetic":[12],"parameters":[13,114],"on":[14,74],"early-time":[15,117],"ground-penetrating":[16],"radar":[17,76],"(GPR)":[18],"signals.":[19],"The":[20,107],"analysis":[21],"is":[22],"performed":[23],"in":[24,88],"time":[26],"interval":[27],"which":[28],"contains":[29],"direct":[31],"airwaves":[32],"and":[33,39,72,100],"ground":[34],"waves,":[35],"propagating":[36],"between":[37],"transmitting":[38],"receiving":[40],"antennas.":[41],"To":[42,64],"perform":[43],"measurements":[45],"we":[46,78],"have":[47],"selected":[48],"natural":[50],"test":[51],"site":[52],"characterized":[53],"by":[54],"very":[55],"strong":[56],"lateral":[57],"gradient":[58],"electrical":[62,97],"properties.":[63],"subsoil":[70],"permittivity":[71],"conductivity":[73],"response":[77],"compare":[79],"envelope":[81],"amplitude":[82],"GPR":[85],"signals":[86],"received":[87],"first":[90],"12ns":[91],"within":[92],"4ns-wide":[93],"windows,":[94],"with":[95,131],"properties":[98],"(\u03b5r":[99],"\u03c3DC)":[101],"determined":[102],"using":[103],"time-domain":[104],"reflectometry":[105],"(TDR).":[106],"results":[108],"show":[109],"that":[110],"constitutive":[112],"strongly":[115],"influence":[116],"signals,":[118],"suggesting":[119],"novel":[121],"for":[123],"estimating":[124],"spatial":[126],"variability":[127],"water":[129],"content":[130],"GPR.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}