{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2045708681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.12.000597","title":"Remote Measurement of Wind Speed by Laser Doppler Systems","display_name":"Remote Measurement of Wind Speed by Laser Doppler Systems","publication_year":1973,"publication_date":"1973-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2045708681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.12.000597","mag":"2045708681","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20125350"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1364/ao.12.000597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.12.000597","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.12.000597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211917","display_name":"Applied Optics","issn_l":"0003-6935","issn":["0003-6935","1539-4522","1540-8981","1559-128X","2155-3165"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Optics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"A. J. Hughes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. J. Hughes","raw_affiliation_strings":["The authors are with the Royal Radar Establishment, Malvern, Worcestershire, WR14 3PS \nEngland","The authors are with the Royal Radar Establishment, Malvern, Worcestershire, WR14 3PS #N#England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The authors are with the Royal Radar Establishment, Malvern, Worcestershire, WR14 3PS \nEngland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The authors are with the Royal Radar Establishment, Malvern, Worcestershire, WR14 3PS #N#England","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110840608","display_name":"Edward R. Pike","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. R. Pike","raw_affiliation_strings":["The authors are with the Royal Radar Establishment, Malvern, Worcestershire, WR14 3PS \nEngland","The authors are with the Royal Radar Establishment, Malvern, Worcestershire, WR14 3PS #N#England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The authors are with the Royal Radar Establishment, Malvern, Worcestershire, WR14 3PS \nEngland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The authors are with the Royal Radar Establishment, Malvern, Worcestershire, WR14 3PS #N#England","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4134,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91145505,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"597","last_page":"597"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.5791000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.5791000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.09350000321865082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.07540000230073929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-doppler-velocimetry","display_name":"laser Doppler anemometry","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"signal-to-noise ratio","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range-dependence","display_name":"range dependence","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-laser","display_name":"CO2 laser","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-lasers","display_name":"visible lasers","score":0.9190000295639038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.7524648904800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.7270710468292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.6511605978012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.6140396595001221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.6019116640090942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5434116125106812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52305850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1420475","display_name":"Laser Doppler velocimetry","level":3,"score":0.5351826548576355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5183563828468323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.47848838567733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54308172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367365","display_name":"Atmospheric optics","level":2,"score":0.4440726637840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4255632758140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.35114938020706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2587451934814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.23836418986320496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18932485580444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0726725161075592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158846371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1642137","display_name":"Blood flow","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1364/ao.12.000597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.12.000597","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.12.000597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211917","display_name":"Applied Optics","issn_l":"0003-6935","issn":["0003-6935","1539-4522","1540-8981","1559-128X","2155-3165"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Optics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20125350","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20125350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied optics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W305358531","https://openalex.org/W1966698987","https://openalex.org/W1972241035","https://openalex.org/W1984604343","https://openalex.org/W1993741760","https://openalex.org/W2021087251","https://openalex.org/W2021960908","https://openalex.org/W2035460662","https://openalex.org/W2036579040","https://openalex.org/W2045137385","https://openalex.org/W2090172297","https://openalex.org/W2104526670","https://openalex.org/W2132179342","https://openalex.org/W2134054051","https://openalex.org/W2139584249","https://openalex.org/W2139887415","https://openalex.org/W2153964170","https://openalex.org/W2170557944"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2109797662","https://openalex.org/W1625491663","https://openalex.org/W2067500012","https://openalex.org/W2566621269","https://openalex.org/W2012940346","https://openalex.org/W2089302322","https://openalex.org/W2039502658","https://openalex.org/W2053645158"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Several":[0],"types":[1],"of":[2,11,22],"laser":[3,43,51],"Doppler":[4],"velocimeter":[5],"are":[6,38],"considered":[7],"for":[8,35],"remote":[9],"measurement":[10],"wind":[12],"velocity.":[13],"Particular":[14],"attention":[15],"is":[16,29],"given":[17],"to":[18],"the":[19,23],"range":[20],"dependence":[21],"mean":[24],"power":[25],"SNR":[26],"when":[27],"scattering":[28],"from":[30],"natural":[31],"aerosols.":[32],"Numerical":[33],"estimates":[34],"two":[36],"systems":[37,44,52],"presented,":[39],"indicating":[40],"that":[41],"CO(2)":[42],"have":[45],"considerably":[46],"greater":[47,55],"sensitivity":[48],"than":[49,56],"visible":[50],"at":[53],"ranges":[54],"a":[57],"few":[58],"meters.":[59]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}