{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2045609176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.1978.0006","title":"Does the Appalachian Regional Commission Really Represent a Region?","display_name":"Does the Appalachian Regional Commission Really Represent a Region?","publication_year":1978,"publication_date":"1978-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2045609176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.1978.0006","mag":"2045609176"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/sgo.1978.0006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.1978.0006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.1978.0006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S51653399","display_name":"Southeastern geographer","issn_l":"0038-366X","issn":["0038-366X","1549-6929"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315743","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315743"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of North Carolina Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Southeastern Geographer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ann DeWitt Watts","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ann DeWitt Watts","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7322,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91098266,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":"19","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14107","display_name":"Appalachian Studies and Mathematics","score":0.6646000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14107","display_name":"Appalachian Studies and Mathematics","score":0.6646000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12961","display_name":"Regional Development and Policy","score":0.11620000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14051","display_name":"Regional Economic and Spatial Analysis","score":0.06639999896287918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/appalachian-regional-commission","display_name":"Appalachian Regional Commission","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-definition","display_name":"regional definition","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nodal-regions","display_name":"nodal regions","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-boundaries","display_name":"regional boundaries","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-characteristics","display_name":"socioeconomic characteristics","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-characteristics","display_name":"physical characteristics","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-homogeneity","display_name":"regional homogeneity","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/appalachia","display_name":"Appalachia","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-planning","display_name":"regional planning","score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/county-level-analysis","display_name":"county-level analysis","score":0.32600000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778364519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2858595","display_name":"Appalachia","level":2,"score":0.915066659450531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908665669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2673740","display_name":"Appalachian Region","level":2,"score":0.8106435537338257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776034101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509347","display_name":"Commission","level":2,"score":0.7671887874603271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5615414381027222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5224519968032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020306683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1371","display_name":"West virginia","level":2,"score":0.5024597644805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85079727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560114","display_name":"Quarter (Canadian coin)","level":2,"score":0.47983428835868835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4376317262649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.40435516834259033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.34624916315078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.18073689937591553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.17156049609184265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1547139286994934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.1304818093776703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/sgo.1978.0006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.1978.0006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.1978.0006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S51653399","display_name":"Southeastern geographer","issn_l":"0038-366X","issn":["0038-366X","1549-6929"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315743","host_organization_name":"University of North Carolina Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315743"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of North Carolina Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Southeastern Geographer","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/430823","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/430823","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64096637","https://openalex.org/W225210200","https://openalex.org/W1575539518","https://openalex.org/W1595146036","https://openalex.org/W1641881534","https://openalex.org/W3142071826"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991027850","https://openalex.org/W3159550828","https://openalex.org/W2091621976","https://openalex.org/W7112304306","https://openalex.org/W2798557141","https://openalex.org/W7100064148","https://openalex.org/W4241724079","https://openalex.org/W1976977284","https://openalex.org/W2498963732","https://openalex.org/W3118114824"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"DOES":[0],"THE":[1,173,671],"APPALACHIAN":[2,321],"REGIONAL":[3],"COMMISSION":[4],"REALLY":[5],"REPRESENT":[6],"A":[7,120,359],"REGION?*":[8],"Ann":[9],"DeWitt":[10],"Watts":[11,269,291],"INTRODUCTION.":[12],"The":[13,51,71,96,142,262,473,581,614,646,673],"Appalachian":[14,26,145,219,335,675],"Regional":[15,27,298,676],"Development":[16],"Act":[17,52],"(ARDA)":[18],"of":[19,58,84,127,149,157,162,186,245,294,391,421,430,444,449,467,477,489,498,513,524,560,584,598,616,690],"1965":[20],"(Public":[21],"Law":[22,341],"89-4)":[23],"established":[24,680],"the":[25,56,69,80,100,128,154,180,184,190,218,229,233,241,250,277,295,345,426,431,442,447,450,465,475,484,487,493,499,520,525,531,577,586,688],"Commission":[28,677],"(":[29,166],"ARC":[30],")":[31,169,202,666],"as":[32,222,337,366,639],"an":[33],"innovative":[34],"federal-state":[35],"mechanism":[36],"to":[37,44,76,79,99,178,223,248,266,480,603,609],"provide":[38],"social":[39,654],"and":[40,83,112,117,133,160,189,208,225,253,260,270,283,297,305,446,518,557,643],"economic":[41,549,650],"development":[42,550],"assistance":[43,275],"360":[45],"counties":[46,59,74,90,106,220,231],"in":[47,60,68,93,107,110,115,192,232,276,339,351,355,376,461,547,623,681],"11":[48],"states.":[49],"(1)":[50],"also":[53],"provided":[54],"for":[55,273,280,286,496,545],"inclusion":[57],"New":[61,72,118],"York":[62,73],"should":[63],"that":[64,139,566],"state":[65,156,235],"be":[66,77,364,407,459,570,637,649],"interested":[67],"program.":[70],"were":[75,91,694],"contiguous":[78,389],"existing":[81],"region":[82,129,483,526,578,619],"comparable":[85],"socio-economic":[86,226],"characteristics.":[87],"(2)":[88],"Thirteen":[89],"added":[92,104,123],"this":[94,187,281],"manner.":[95],"1967":[97],"Amendments":[98],"bill":[101],"(PL":[102],"90-11)":[103],"18":[105],"Mississippi,":[108],"two":[109,242],"Alabama":[111],"one":[113,377],"each":[114,258,497,505],"Tennessee":[116],"York.":[119],"provision":[121],"was":[122,679],"restricting":[124],"further":[125],"expansion":[126],"without":[130],"Congressional":[131],"approval,":[132],"it":[134,194,397],"has":[135,393],"not":[136],"expanded":[137],"since":[138],"time.":[140],"(3)":[141],"federally":[143],"designated":[144],"Region":[146,336],"now":[147],"consists":[148],"397":[150],"counties.":[151],"These":[152],"include":[153],"entire":[155],"West":[158],"Virginia":[159,302],"parts":[161,615],"12":[163],"other":[164],"states":[165],"Fig.":[167],"1":[168,201,381],".":[170,433,533,667],"NATURE":[171],"OF":[172,358,670],"INQUIRY.":[174],"This":[175],"study":[176,236],"seeks":[177],"answer":[179],"following":[181],"questions":[182],"concerning":[183],"nature":[185],"area":[188,635],"ways":[191],"which":[193,395],"is,":[195],"or":[196,368,374,383,402,414,417,428,522,541,551,574,588,596,606,661],"is":[197,203,292,344,436,507,563,591],"not,":[198],"a":[199,205,388,439,482,510,555,601,604,617,632,640],"region:":[200],"Appalachia":[204],"homogeneous":[206],"region,":[207,387,585,590],"if":[209],"so,":[210],"what":[211],"are":[212,372,452,537,542,620,628],"its":[213,644],"common":[214],"characteristics?":[215],"2)how":[216],"do":[217,240],"compare,":[221],"physical":[224,254],"characteristics,":[227],"with":[228,257,696],"remaining":[230],"13":[234],"area?":[237],"3)how":[238],"strongly":[239],"major":[243],"sets":[244],"variables":[246,478,501],"used":[247,479],"define":[249,481],"region\u2014socio-economic":[251],"characteristics":[252,255,394,416,423,457],"\u2014correlate":[256],"other?":[259],"*":[261],"author":[263],"would":[264],"like":[265],"thank":[267],"Thomas":[268],"David":[271],"Sciocchetti":[272],"their":[274,410,626],"computer":[278],"runs":[279],"paper":[282],"Carol":[284],"Chapman":[285],"her":[287],"cartographic":[288],"skills.":[289],"Dr.":[290],"Chairman":[293],"Urban":[296],"Planning":[299],"Program":[300],"at":[301,687],"Polytechnic":[303],"Institute":[304],"State":[306],"University,":[307],"Blacksburg,":[308],"VA":[309],"24061.":[310],"20":[311],"Southeastern":[312],"Geographer":[313],"APPALACHIA":[314],"AS":[315],"DEFINED":[316],"IN":[317],"PUBLIC":[318],"LAW":[319],"90-17":[320],"REGION":[322],"(1967":[323],"COUNTY":[324],"BOUNDARY":[325,327],"STATE":[326],"200300":[328],"MILES":[329],"ALBERS":[330],"EQUAL-AREA":[331],"PROJECTION":[332],"Figure":[333],"1.":[334],"Defined":[338],"Public":[340],"90-17.":[342],"4)":[343],"regional":[346],"boundary":[347,468],"more":[348,384],"clearly":[349],"delineated":[350],"some":[352,419,462],"places":[353],"than":[354],"others?":[356],"DEFINITION":[357],"REGION.":[360,672],"Geographic":[361],"regions":[362,371,405,536],"may":[363,406],"classed":[365],"formal":[367],"nodal.":[369],"Formal":[370,404],"homogeneous,":[373],"uniform,":[375],"Vol.":[378],"XVIII,":[379],"No.":[380],"21":[382],"variables.":[385],"Each":[386],"grouping":[390],"units,":[392],"make":[396],"different":[398],"from":[399,576,600,607],"surrounding":[400],"areas":[401],"regions.":[403],"defined":[408,592,638],"by":[409,418,593,683],"physical,":[411],"social,":[412],"economic,":[413],"cultural":[415],"combination":[420],"these":[422],"depending":[424],"upon":[425,438],"purpose":[427],"purposes":[429],"definition":[432,469,491],"When":[434,455,504],"regionalization":[435],"based":[437],"single":[440],"characteristic":[441],"method":[443],"analysis":[445],"delineation":[448],"boundaries":[451,562],"reasonably":[453],"straightforward.":[454],"several":[456,500],"must":[458],"combined":[460],"fashion,":[463],"however,":[464],"problem":[466,488],"increases":[470],"exponentially.":[471],"(4)":[472],"greater":[474,485],"number":[476],"becomes":[486],"border":[490],"because":[492],"borders":[494,515,532],"determined":[495],"seldom":[502],"coincide.":[503],"variable":[506],"plotted":[508],"independently":[509],"\"spaghetti":[511],"bowl\"":[512],"overlapping":[514],"often":[516,538],"emerges":[517],"only":[519],"core":[521],"heart":[523],"remains":[527],"circumscribed":[528],"within":[529],"all":[530],"(5)":[534],"Such":[535],"too":[539],"small,":[540],"otherwise":[543],"inadequate,":[544],"use":[546],"planning":[548],"service":[552,634],"delivery.":[553],"Thus":[554,631],"logical":[556],"consistent":[558],"means":[559],"defining":[561],"needed":[564],"so":[565],"territorial":[567],"units":[568],"can":[569],"rationally":[571],"fitted":[572],"into":[573],"deleted":[575],"being":[579],"delimited.":[580],"second":[582],"type":[583],"nodal":[587],"functional":[589,618,633],"dynamic":[594],"flows":[595],"patterns":[597],"movement":[599],"hinterland":[602],"node":[605],"low":[608],"high":[610],"order":[611],"nodes.":[612],"(G)":[613],"usually":[621],"heterogeneous":[622],"character":[624],"but":[625],"functions":[627],"interrelated.":[629],"(7)":[630],"might":[636,648],"central":[641],"place":[642],"hinterland.":[645],"\"flows\"":[647],"(cargo,":[651],"commuter":[652],"trips),":[653],"(students,":[655],"hospital":[656],"patients),":[657],"political":[658],"(government":[659],"expenditures),":[660],"informational":[662],"(phone":[663],"calls,":[664],"newspapers":[665],"(8)":[668],"PURPOSE":[669],"President's":[674],"(PARC)":[678],"1963":[682],"John":[684],"F.":[685],"Kennedy":[686],"request":[689],"eight":[691],"governors":[692],"who":[693],"concerned":[695],"both...":[697]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}