{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2045321973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084652","title":"First Early Hominin from Central Africa (Ishango, Democratic Republic of Congo)","display_name":"First Early Hominin from Central Africa (Ishango, Democratic Republic of Congo)","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2045321973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084652","mag":"2045321973","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24427292","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3888414"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084652","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084652","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0084652&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0084652&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025918821","display_name":"Isabelle Cr\u00e8vecoeur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1781-3206","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1781-3206"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15057530","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux","ror":"https://ror.org/057qpr032","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15057530"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120753","display_name":"De la Pr\u00e9histoire \u00e0 l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie","ror":"https://ror.org/027mnq498","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210102700","https://openalex.org/I4210107625","https://openalex.org/I4210120753","https://openalex.org/I4210155116"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Isabelle Crevecoeur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5199, de la Pr\u00e9histoire \u00e0 l'Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (UMR 5199 - PACEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, Talence, France","PACEA - De la Pr\u00e9histoire \u00e0 l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux - B\u00e2timent B8 - CS50023 - All\u00e9e Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire - 33615 Pessac Cedex - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5199, de la Pr\u00e9histoire \u00e0 l'Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (UMR 5199 - PACEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, Talence, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I4210120753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PACEA - De la Pr\u00e9histoire \u00e0 l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux - B\u00e2timent B8 - CS50023 - All\u00e9e Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire - 33615 Pessac Cedex - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I4210120753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058616416","display_name":"Matthew M. Skinner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8321-3543","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8321-3543"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118560","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology","ror":"https://ror.org/02a33b393","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210118560"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["DE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew M. Skinner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, United Kingdom ; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Evolution, Leipzig, Germany","Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig] (Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany - Germany)","UCL - University College of London [London] (Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT  - United Kingdom)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, United Kingdom ; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Evolution, Leipzig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118560","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig] (Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany - Germany)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCL - University College of London [London] (Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT  - United Kingdom)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062296036","display_name":"Shara E. Bailey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4626-9262","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4626-9262"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118560","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology","ror":"https://ror.org/02a33b393","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210118560"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shara E. Bailey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America ; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Evolution, Leipzig, Germany","Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig] (Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany - Germany)","NYU - New York University [New York] (70 Washington Square South, New York, NY 10012 - United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America ; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Evolution, Leipzig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118560","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig] (Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany - Germany)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NYU - New York University [New York] (70 Washington Square South, New York, NY 10012 - United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070864524","display_name":"Philipp Gunz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2350-4450","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2350-4450"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118560","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology","ror":"https://ror.org/02a33b393","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210118560"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Gunz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Evolution, Leipzig, Germany","Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig] (Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany - Germany)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Evolution, Leipzig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig] (Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany - Germany)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102169872","display_name":"Silvia Bortoluzzi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvia Bortoluzzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratori di Antropologia, Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica \"Leo Pardi\", Universit\u00e0 di Firenze, Florence, Italy","UniFI - Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence = Universit\u00e9 de Florence (Piazza di San Marco, 4, 50121 Firenze FI, Italie - Italy)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratori di Antropologia, Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica \"Leo Pardi\", Universit\u00e0 di Firenze, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UniFI - Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence = Universit\u00e9 de Florence (Piazza di San Marco, 4, 50121 Firenze FI, Italie - Italy)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016383034","display_name":"Alison S. Brooks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7978-8747","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7978-8747"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alison S. Brooks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for the Advanced Study of Hominid Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington DC, United States of America","GW - The George Washington University (2121 Eye Street, NW , Washington, DC 20052  - United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for the Advanced Study of Hominid Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington DC, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GW - The George Washington University (2121 Eye Street, NW , Washington, DC 20052  - United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019486847","display_name":"Christian Burlet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2134-1969","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2134-1969"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801223450","display_name":"Institute of Natural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02y22ws83","country_code":"BE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801223450"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405269439","display_name":"Geological Survey of Belgium","ror":"https://ror.org/045hf6s03","country_code":"BE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405269439"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Burlet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geological Survey of Belgium, Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium","Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences (Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven - Belgium)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geological Survey of Belgium, Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801223450","https://openalex.org/I4405269439"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences (Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven - Belgium)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076258567","display_name":"Els Cornelissen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6111-7208","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6111-7208"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288652306","display_name":"Royal Museum for Central Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/001805t51","country_code":"BE","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288652306"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Els Cornelissen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Prehistory and Archaeology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium","RMCA - Royal Museum for Central Africa [Tervuren] (Leuvensesteenweg 13 - 3080 Tervuren  - Belgium)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Prehistory and Archaeology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288652306"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMCA - Royal Museum for Central Africa [Tervuren] (Leuvensesteenweg 13 - 3080 Tervuren  - Belgium)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288652306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073993252","display_name":"Nora De Clerck","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149213910","display_name":"University of Antwerp","ror":"https://ror.org/008x57b05","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nora De Clerck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microtomography CT Research Group, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium","UA - University of Antwerp (Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerpen - Belgium)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microtomography CT Research Group, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UA - University of Antwerp (Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerpen - Belgium)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091338918","display_name":"Bruno Maureille","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7616-0073","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7616-0073"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15057530","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux","ror":"https://ror.org/057qpr032","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15057530"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120753","display_name":"De la Pr\u00e9histoire \u00e0 l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie","ror":"https://ror.org/027mnq498","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210102700","https://openalex.org/I4210107625","https://openalex.org/I4210120753","https://openalex.org/I4210155116"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Maureille","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5199, de la Pr\u00e9histoire \u00e0 l'Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (UMR 5199 - PACEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, Talence, France","PACEA - De la Pr\u00e9histoire \u00e0 l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux - B\u00e2timent B8 - CS50023 - All\u00e9e Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire - 33615 Pessac Cedex - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche 5199, de la Pr\u00e9histoire \u00e0 l'Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (UMR 5199 - PACEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, Talence, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I4210120753"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PACEA - De la Pr\u00e9histoire \u00e0 l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux - B\u00e2timent B8 - CS50023 - All\u00e9e Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire - 33615 Pessac Cedex - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I4210120753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031659772","display_name":"Patrick Semal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4048-7728","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4048-7728"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801223450","display_name":"Institute of Natural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02y22ws83","country_code":"BE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801223450"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Semal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anthropology and Prehistory, Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium","Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences (Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven - Belgium)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anthropology and Prehistory, Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801223450"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences (Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven - Belgium)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050242878","display_name":"Yves Vanbrabant","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801223450","display_name":"Institute of Natural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02y22ws83","country_code":"BE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801223450"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405269439","display_name":"Geological Survey of Belgium","ror":"https://ror.org/045hf6s03","country_code":"BE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405269439"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yves Vanbrabant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geological Survey of Belgium, Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium","Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences (Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven - Belgium)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geological Survey of Belgium, Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801223450","https://openalex.org/I4405269439"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences (Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven - Belgium)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026510296","display_name":"Bernard A. Wood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0273-7332","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0273-7332"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernard Wood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for the Advanced Study of Hominid Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington DC, United States of America","GW - The George Washington University (2121 Eye Street, NW , Washington, DC 20052  - United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for the Advanced Study of Hominid Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington DC, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GW - The George Washington University (2121 Eye Street, NW , Washington, DC 20052  - United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025918821"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I4210120753"],"apc_list":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"apc_paid":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"fwci":15.9767,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98577915,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"e84652","last_page":"e84652"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10421","display_name":"Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10421","display_name":"Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11354","display_name":"Evolution and Paleontology Studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10699","display_name":"Primate Behavior and Ecology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-hominins","display_name":"early hominins","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-miocene","display_name":"Upper Miocene","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plio-pleistocene-hominins","display_name":"Plio-Pleistocene hominins","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/australopithecus","display_name":"Australopithecus","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paranthropus","display_name":"Paranthropus","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-homo","display_name":"early Homo","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dentin-enamel-junction","display_name":"enamel-dentine junction","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hominin-dispersal","display_name":"hominin dispersal","score":0.5339999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779987252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q635162","display_name":"Hominidae","level":3,"score":0.5995932221412659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5963984727859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776667090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103237","display_name":"Australopithecus","level":2,"score":0.5559640526771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777775986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444693","display_name":"Early Pleistocene","level":3,"score":0.5553094744682312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.5536240935325623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53570757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25546","display_name":"Pleistocene","level":2,"score":0.5486241579055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776402521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205008","display_name":"Plio-Pleistocene","level":3,"score":0.5116327404975891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.48575976490974426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185554395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83944","display_name":"Human evolution","level":2,"score":0.4787665903568268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50682988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q473935","display_name":"Rift","level":3,"score":0.465945839881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4445784389972687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778697265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2366717","display_name":"Rift valley","level":2,"score":0.4408648610115051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.3094521462917328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2777256369590759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988562018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1063","display_name":"Biological evolution","level":2,"score":0.13613852858543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001106","descriptor_name":"Archaeology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005580","descriptor_name":"Fossils","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005843","descriptor_name":"Geography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015023","descriptor_name":"Democratic Republic of the Congo","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015186","descriptor_name":"Hominidae","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084652","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084652","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0084652&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2876729","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC3888414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3888414","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3888414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS One","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:24427292","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24427292","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PloS one","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kar.kent.ac.uk:48476","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084652>)","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196264","display_name":"Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","host_organization_name":"University of Kent","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01842737v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-01842737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, 2014, 9 (1), ⟨10.1371/journal.pone.0084652⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:02340ff8c61f47c68f7112818e66ac15","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/02340ff8c61f47c68f7112818e66ac15","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 1, p e84652 (2014)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escidoc.org:escidoc:1920385","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0015-2AF1-E","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052962","display_name":"Max Planck Digital Library","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210088280","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088280"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_1920385","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0015-2AF1-E","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS One","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084652","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084652","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0084652&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306083","display_name":"Smithsonian Institution","ror":"https://ror.org/01pp8nd67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320887","display_name":"European Synchrotron Radiation Facility","ror":"https://ror.org/02550n020"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322434","display_name":"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322852","display_name":"Innoviris","ror":"https://ror.org/04af9zr29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322892","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324682","display_name":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Evolution\u00e4re Anthropologie","ror":"https://ror.org/02a33b393"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2045321973.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2045321973.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W134126523","https://openalex.org/W147128559","https://openalex.org/W176362133","https://openalex.org/W584314089","https://openalex.org/W587897240","https://openalex.org/W599468576","https://openalex.org/W615255473","https://openalex.org/W622903023","https://openalex.org/W652601086","https://openalex.org/W1492854520","https://openalex.org/W1493822211","https://openalex.org/W1504780279","https://openalex.org/W1512152518","https://openalex.org/W1516188323","https://openalex.org/W1526843408","https://openalex.org/W1571578421","https://openalex.org/W1596067094","https://openalex.org/W1966698962","https://openalex.org/W1972864325","https://openalex.org/W1975016033","https://openalex.org/W1975674019","https://openalex.org/W1976705294","https://openalex.org/W1983839389","https://openalex.org/W1987437115","https://openalex.org/W1988317983","https://openalex.org/W1994981345","https://openalex.org/W1995944295","https://openalex.org/W2004687128","https://openalex.org/W2008205524","https://openalex.org/W2009123399","https://openalex.org/W2011915418","https://openalex.org/W2017072798","https://openalex.org/W2020119048","https://openalex.org/W2020300556","https://openalex.org/W2026955429","https://openalex.org/W2027275965","https://openalex.org/W2028468303","https://openalex.org/W2029559082","https://openalex.org/W2035303748","https://openalex.org/W2035682383","https://openalex.org/W2043032214","https://openalex.org/W2049684912","https://openalex.org/W2052541043","https://openalex.org/W2057164744","https://openalex.org/W2070802948","https://openalex.org/W2074429920","https://openalex.org/W2074820757","https://openalex.org/W2087683608","https://openalex.org/W2089540872","https://openalex.org/W2090182026","https://openalex.org/W2091108934","https://openalex.org/W2093280648","https://openalex.org/W2093298319","https://openalex.org/W2112020690","https://openalex.org/W2117699773","https://openalex.org/W2126081109","https://openalex.org/W2131202198","https://openalex.org/W2131449674","https://openalex.org/W2145318966","https://openalex.org/W2170030262","https://openalex.org/W2257515751","https://openalex.org/W2258560825","https://openalex.org/W2312017080","https://openalex.org/W2525340653","https://openalex.org/W2613417211","https://openalex.org/W2796920730","https://openalex.org/W2797828903","https://openalex.org/W4211157434","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W7073707349"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2382887541","https://openalex.org/W2058867855","https://openalex.org/W2080240398","https://openalex.org/W400415097","https://openalex.org/W2119640985","https://openalex.org/W1515075811","https://openalex.org/W4413118132","https://openalex.org/W2970956648","https://openalex.org/W2143572536","https://openalex.org/W2004687128"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"uncontested":[1],"evidence":[2,36,159],"for":[3],"fossils":[4],"belonging":[5],"to":[6,81,85,92,99],"the":[7,44,49,55,64,112,117,131,148,152,157],"early":[8,41,138,163],"hominin":[9],"genus":[10],"Australopithecus":[11],"in":[12,71,74],"East":[13,141],"Africa":[14,73],"from":[15,24,43,63,140],"at":[16,170],"least":[17,171],"4.2":[18],"million":[19],"years":[20],"ago":[21],"(Ma),":[22],"and":[23,96,104,106,114,125,129,137,142,160],"Chad":[25],"by":[26,169],"3.5":[27],"Ma,":[28],"thus":[29],"far":[30],"there":[31],"has":[32],"been":[33],"no":[34],"convincing":[35],"of":[37,48,57,69,102,116,147,151],"Australopithecus,":[38],"Paranthropus":[39],"or":[40],"Homo":[42,139],"western":[45],"(Albertine)":[46],"branch":[47],"Rift":[50,66],"Valley.":[51],"Here":[52],"we":[53],"report":[54],"discovery":[56],"an":[58],"isolated":[59],"upper":[60,100],"molar":[61,133],"(#Ish25)":[62],"Western":[65],"Valley":[67],"site":[68],"Ishango":[70,132],"Central":[72],"a":[75],"derived":[76],"context,":[77],"overlying":[78],"beds":[79],"dated":[80],"between":[82,123],"ca.":[83],"2.6":[84],"2.0":[86],"Ma.":[87,173],"We":[88,109],"used":[89],"\u00b5CT":[90],"imaging":[91],"compare":[93],"its":[94],"external":[95],"internal":[97],"macro-morphology":[98],"molars":[101],"australopiths,":[103],"fossil":[105],"recent":[107],"Homo.":[108],"show":[110],"that":[111,130,162],"size":[113],"shape":[115],"enamel-dentine":[118],"junction":[119],"(EDJ)":[120],"surface":[121],"discriminate":[122],"Plio-Pleistocene":[124],"post-Lower":[126],"Pleistocene":[127],"hominins,":[128],"clusters":[134],"with":[135,156],"australopiths":[136],"southern":[143],"Africa.":[144],"A":[145],"reassessment":[146],"archaeological":[149],"context":[150],"specimen":[153],"is":[154],"consistent":[155],"morphological":[158],"suggest":[161],"hominins":[164],"were":[165],"occupying":[166],"this":[167],"region":[168],"2":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}