{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2045238277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005344-199424001-00005","title":"Moxonidine and Hydrochlorothiazide in Combination: A Synergistic Antihypertensive Effect","display_name":"Moxonidine and Hydrochlorothiazide in Combination: A Synergistic Antihypertensive Effect","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2045238277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005344-199424001-00005","mag":"2045238277","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7533223"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00005344-199424001-00005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005344-199424001-00005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005344-199424001-00005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61167191","display_name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology","issn_l":"0160-2446","issn":["0160-2446","1533-4023"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111739679","display_name":"Martin Frei","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110149","display_name":"Solvay (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01xscrc43","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17170469","https://openalex.org/I4210110149"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Frei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department for Medical Research and Development, Solvay Pharma, Hannover, Germany","Frankfurt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department for Medical Research and Development, Solvay Pharma, Hannover, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frankfurt","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037468651","display_name":"Leslie J. K\u00fcster","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leslie K\u00fcster","raw_affiliation_strings":["Frankfurt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frankfurt","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097854466","display_name":"Peter-Paul Gardosch von Krosigk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter-Paul Gardosch von Krosigk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Frankfurt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frankfurt","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108455683","display_name":"Hans-F. Koch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans-F. Koch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Frankfurt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frankfurt","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080619813","display_name":"Hartmut E. K\u00fcppers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hartmut K\u00fcppers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Frankfurt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frankfurt","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080619813"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.414,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89144132,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":null,"first_page":"S25","last_page":"S28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10144","display_name":"Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10144","display_name":"Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11839","display_name":"Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12075","display_name":"Sodium Intake and Health","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moxonidine","display_name":"moxonidine","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrochlorothiazide","display_name":"hydrochlorothiazide","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combination-antihypertensive-therapy","display_name":"combination antihypertensive therapy","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mild-to-moderate-hypertension","display_name":"mild to moderate hypertension","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure-reduction","display_name":"blood pressure reduction","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-line-antihypertensive-agents","display_name":"first-line antihypertensive agents","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-safety-and-tolerability","display_name":"drug safety and tolerability","score":0.7839999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777014715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419944","display_name":"Moxonidine","level":4,"score":0.9877703785896301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780361556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423930","display_name":"Hydrochlorothiazide","level":3,"score":0.972648561000824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.6952745914459229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6202242970466614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.5295836925506592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776999253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1304270","display_name":"Combination therapy","level":2,"score":0.5156766176223755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780192228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575890","display_name":"Antihypertensive drug","level":3,"score":0.49846792221069336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777097880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q988405","display_name":"Essential hypertension","level":3,"score":0.4560146629810333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.4156167209148407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126894567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105650","display_name":"Urology","level":1,"score":0.32136455178260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3107301592826843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778938600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389934","display_name":"Agonist","level":3,"score":0.04693824052810669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000959","descriptor_name":"Antihypertensive Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000959","descriptor_name":"Antihypertensive Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000959","descriptor_name":"Antihypertensive Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001794","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001795","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure Determination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004311","descriptor_name":"Double-Blind Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004357","descriptor_name":"Drug Synergism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004359","descriptor_name":"Drug Therapy, Combination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005858","descriptor_name":"Germany","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006852","descriptor_name":"Hydrochlorothiazide","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006852","descriptor_name":"Hydrochlorothiazide","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006852","descriptor_name":"Hydrochlorothiazide","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006973","descriptor_name":"Hypertension","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007093","descriptor_name":"Imidazoles","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007093","descriptor_name":"Imidazoles","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007093","descriptor_name":"Imidazoles","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00005344-199424001-00005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005344-199424001-00005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005344-199424001-00005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61167191","display_name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology","issn_l":"0160-2446","issn":["0160-2446","1533-4023"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7533223","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7533223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial"},{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2351373631","https://openalex.org/W2402638253","https://openalex.org/W2081265616","https://openalex.org/W2086679317","https://openalex.org/W2039995776","https://openalex.org/W2334150150","https://openalex.org/W2357084152","https://openalex.org/W2373608946","https://openalex.org/W2006286243","https://openalex.org/W7221178468"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,149],"study":[1,12],"was":[2,53,116],"designed":[3],"as":[4,99,163],"a":[5,15,100,140,157],"multicenter,":[6],"double-blind,":[7],"placebo-controlled,":[8],"parallel-group,":[9],"prospectively":[10],"randomized":[11],"comparing,":[13],"after":[14,114,123],"4-week":[16],"placebo":[17],"run-in":[18],"phase,":[19],"moxonidine":[20,78,92,145,152],"0.4":[21,50,146],"mg":[22,28,51,147],"once":[23],"daily":[24],"(o.d.),":[25],"hydrochlorothiazide":[26,94],"25":[27],"o.d.,":[29],"and":[30,73,93,120,168],"the":[31,34,74,84,96,109,132],"combination":[32,90,124,174],"of":[33,40,63,77,83,91,128,144,151],"two":[35],"with":[36,69,118,175],"placebo.":[37,70],"A":[38],"total":[39],"160":[41],"patients":[42,66,130],"were":[43,79],"analyzed":[44],"in":[45,55,60,67,95,126,131,173],"an":[46],"intent-to-treat":[47],"analysis.":[48],"Moxonidine":[49],"o.d.":[52,148],"effective":[54],"significantly":[56,104],"lowering":[57],"blood":[58],"pressure":[59],"this":[61],"group":[62],"mild-to-moderate":[64],"hypertensive":[65],"comparison":[68],"The":[71,89,135],"efficacy":[72,103],"side-effect":[75],"profile":[76,150],"comparable":[80,155],"to":[81,139,156],"those":[82],"first-line":[85,159],"antihypertensive":[86,160],"agent":[87],"hydrochlorothiazide.":[88,176],"same":[97],"dosage":[98,142],"monotherapy":[101],"improves":[102],"without":[105,165],"additive":[106],"effects":[107],"on":[108],"safety":[110,169],"profile.":[111],"Response":[112],"rate":[113],"monotherapies":[115],"calculated":[117],"70.3":[119],"70.0%,":[121],"respectively,":[122],"treatment":[125,133],"87.8%":[127],"all":[129],"group.":[134],"trial":[136],"gives":[137],"support":[138],"recommended":[141],"regimen":[143],"is":[153],"highly":[154],"standard":[158],"drug":[161],"such":[162],"hydrochlorothiazide,":[164],"sacrificing":[166],"tolerance":[167],"for":[170],"increased":[171],"efficacy,":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}