{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2045192547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199609150-00019","title":"Is Pathology Examination of Disc Specimens Necessary After Routine Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion?","display_name":"Is Pathology Examination of Disc Specimens Necessary After Routine Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion?","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2045192547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199609150-00019","mag":"2045192547","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8893442"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00007632-199609150-00019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199609150-00019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199609150-00019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4026894","display_name":"Spine","issn_l":"0362-2436","issn":["0362-2436","1528-1159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Spine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079477330","display_name":"Tapan K. Daftari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tapan K. Daftari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Orthopaedics Sports Medicine, Austell, USA","Georgia Orthopaedics Sports Medicine, Austell Georgia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Orthopaedics Sports Medicine, Austell, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Orthopaedics Sports Medicine, Austell Georgia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"James Levine","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203088144","display_name":"Nova Southeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/042bbge36","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203088144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Levine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nova Southeastern University, Miami, Florida, and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nova Southeastern University, Miami, Florida, and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203088144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076691381","display_name":"Jeffrey S. Fischgrund","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4658-5991","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4658-5991"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799370151","display_name":"Beaumont Health","ror":"https://ror.org/05g2hd893","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799370151","https://openalex.org/I4392738273"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128757","display_name":"Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03artm726","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128757","https://openalex.org/I4392738273"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey S. Fischgrund","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799370151","https://openalex.org/I4210128757"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069794283","display_name":"Harry N. Herkowitz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799370151","display_name":"Beaumont Health","ror":"https://ror.org/05g2hd893","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799370151","https://openalex.org/I4392738273"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128757","display_name":"Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03artm726","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128757","https://openalex.org/I4392738273"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harry N. Herkowitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harry N. Herkowitz, MD; 3635 W. 13th Mile, Suite 604; Royal Oak, MI 48073","Section of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan","3635 W. 13th Mile, Suite 604","Harry N. Herkowitz, MD","Royal Oak, MI 48073"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harry N. Herkowitz, MD; 3635 W. 13th Mile, Suite 604; Royal Oak, MI 48073","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799370151","https://openalex.org/I4210128757"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3635 W. 13th Mile, Suite 604","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harry N. Herkowitz, MD","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Oak, MI 48073","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079477330"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.831,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75237235,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"18","first_page":"2156","last_page":"2159"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11518","display_name":"Cervical and Thoracic Myelopathy","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11518","display_name":"Cervical and Thoracic Myelopathy","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10238","display_name":"Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11728","display_name":"Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anterior-cervical-discectomy-and-fusion","display_name":"anterior cervical discectomy and fusion","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histopathologic-examination","display_name":"histopathologic examination","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cervical-disc-herniation","display_name":"cervical disc herniation","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cervical-spondylosis","display_name":"cervical spondylosis","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cervical-radiculopathy","display_name":"cervical radiculopathy","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervertebral-disc-degeneration","display_name":"intervertebral disc degeneration","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incidental-finding","display_name":"incidental finding","score":0.5329999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9680891036987305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781430139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771328","display_name":"Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion","level":3,"score":0.6913825869560242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018239782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502781","display_name":"Intervertebral disk","level":3,"score":0.5974588394165039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527108885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835153","display_name":"Physical examination","level":2,"score":0.5941847562789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777905831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122468","display_name":"Myelography","level":3,"score":0.5901122689247131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778019773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1097028","display_name":"Cervical spondylosis","level":3,"score":0.5894680619239807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776008035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3029776","display_name":"Discectomy","level":3,"score":0.5677034854888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.5521878600120544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.5498211979866028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.5035557150840759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205854390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5610493","display_name":"Gross examination","level":2,"score":0.500166654586792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.49198099970817566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985379065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900457","display_name":"Cervical spine","level":2,"score":0.23544177412986755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44575665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1293405","display_name":"Lumbar","level":2,"score":0.17471370100975037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780775167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9606","display_name":"Spinal cord","level":2,"score":0.1727612018585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.1518700122833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002574","descriptor_name":"Cervical Vertebrae","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002574","descriptor_name":"Cervical Vertebrae","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003695","descriptor_name":"Delivery of Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003695","descriptor_name":"Delivery of Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007403","descriptor_name":"Intervertebral Disc","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010340","descriptor_name":"Pathology, Surgical","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010340","descriptor_name":"Pathology, Surgical","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013048","descriptor_name":"Specimen Handling","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013123","descriptor_name":"Spinal Fusion","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013123","descriptor_name":"Spinal Fusion","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017586","descriptor_name":"Diskectomy","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017586","descriptor_name":"Diskectomy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00007632-199609150-00019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199609150-00019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199609150-00019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4026894","display_name":"Spine","issn_l":"0362-2436","issn":["0362-2436","1528-1159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Spine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8893442","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8893442","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Spine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9922999739646912,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965007857","https://openalex.org/W2007744687","https://openalex.org/W2046443543"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087289821","https://openalex.org/W1972902507","https://openalex.org/W4412832498","https://openalex.org/W1991963116","https://openalex.org/W4234139466","https://openalex.org/W2046443543","https://openalex.org/W2414242707","https://openalex.org/W2084651637","https://openalex.org/W2129452281","https://openalex.org/W2409356584"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"STUDY":[0],"DESIGN:":[1],"A":[2],"retrospective":[3],"chart":[4],"review":[5,37],"was":[6,95,179],"performed":[7],"from":[8],"1990-1994.":[9],"OBJECTIVES:":[10],"To":[11],"evaluate":[12],"the":[13,34,38,58,66,137,142,168,182,195,209,211,232,252,262],"outcome":[14,39],"of":[15,18,40,43,61,69,127,139,144,157,170,184,192,194,224,246,250,254,277],"pathologic":[16,41,154,259,275],"examination":[17,42,113,155,191,276],"cervical":[19,25,48,63,70,117,122,247,278],"disc":[20,44,71,101,148,165,196,248,263,279],"specimens":[21,45,159,280],"submitted":[22],"after":[23,46],"anterior":[24,47,62],"discectomy.":[26],"SUMMARY":[27],"OF":[28],"BACKGROUND":[29],"DATA:":[30],"This":[31,227],"study":[32,228],"is":[33,265],"first":[35],"to":[36],"discectomy":[49],"and":[50,65,72,90,112,124,189,205,239,270],"fusion.":[51],"METHODS:":[52],"Charts":[53],"were":[54,77,106],"reviewed":[55],"based":[56],"on":[57,187],"procedure":[59],"code":[60],"fusion":[64],"main":[67],"diagnoses":[68],"spondylosis.":[73],"The":[74,153,268],"following":[75],"data":[76],"recorded":[78],"for":[79,202],"each":[80],"patient:":[81],"symptoms,":[82,233],"examination,":[83,235],"diagnostic":[84,237],"studies,":[85,238],"operative":[86,88],"procedure,":[87],"findings,":[89],"pathology":[91],"report.":[92],"Statistical":[93],"analysis":[94],"performed.":[96],"RESULTS:":[97],"Five":[98],"hundred":[99],"six":[100,223],"levels":[102],"in":[103,273],"394":[104],"patients":[105,109,120],"reviewed.":[107],"All":[108,119],"had":[110,121],"symptoms":[111],"results":[114,156],"consistent":[115,163,243],"with":[116,164,167,244],"radiculopathy.":[118],"radiographs":[123],"some":[125],"combination":[126],"myelography,":[128],"computed":[129],"tomography,":[130],"or":[131,149,176,186,220,222],"magnetic":[132],"resonance":[133],"imaging.":[134],"Findings":[135],"at":[136,181],"time":[138,183,269],"surgery":[140,185],"included":[141],"presence":[143,169],"either":[145],"a":[146],"herniated":[147],"degenerative":[150,171],"spondylitic":[151],"changes.":[152,172],"all":[158],"reported":[160],"fibrocartilaginous":[161],"tissue":[162],"material":[166],"No":[173],"infectious,":[174],"benign,":[175],"malignant":[177],"process":[178],"identified":[180],"gross":[188],"histologic":[190],"any":[193],"specimens.":[197],"Using":[198],"confidence":[199],"intervals":[200],"(95%)":[201],"exact":[203],"proportions":[204],"given":[206],"500":[207],"negatives,":[208],"chance":[210,253],"next":[212],"occurrence":[213],"would":[214,217],"be":[215,218,282],"positive":[216],"0.0060":[219],"0.60%":[221],"1000.":[225],"CONCLUSIONS:":[226],"shows":[229],"that":[230],"if":[231],"physical":[234],"radiographic":[236],"surgical":[240],"findings":[241],"are":[242],"those":[245],"herniation":[249],"spondylosis,":[251],"an":[255],"unexpected,":[256],"clinically":[257],"important":[258],"finding":[260],"within":[261],"specimen":[264],"extremely":[266],"small.":[267],"expense":[271],"involved":[272],"routine":[274],"can":[281],"avoided.":[283]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}