{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2045136109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001979398303600205","title":"The Wage Effect of Compulsory Union Membership","display_name":"The Wage Effect of Compulsory Union Membership","publication_year":1983,"publication_date":"1983-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2045136109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001979398303600205","mag":"2045136109"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/001979398303600205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001979398303600205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001979398303600205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192274990","display_name":"Industrial and Labor Relations Review","issn_l":"0019-7939","issn":["0019-7939","2162-271X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ILR Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sandra Christensen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sandra Christensen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113436739","display_name":"Dennis Rudolf Maki","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Maki","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113436739"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5231,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88332459,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"2","first_page":"230","last_page":"230"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11421","display_name":"Labor Movements and Unions","score":0.8047000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11421","display_name":"Labor Movements and Unions","score":0.8047000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.19120000302791595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13088","display_name":"Legal and Labor Studies","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1410","display_name":"Industrial relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-bargaining-agreement","display_name":"collective agreements","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-effects","display_name":"wage effects","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unionization","display_name":"unionization","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-bargaining","display_name":"collective bargaining","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-industry","display_name":"manufacturing industry","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/union-wage-bargaining","display_name":"union wage bargaining","score":0.48100000619888306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.8193585872650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199776023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875","display_name":"Negotiation","level":2,"score":0.7430068850517273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.6615424752235413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.6011550426483154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776665811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q452421","display_name":"Collective bargaining","level":2,"score":0.5786239504814148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993321602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628967","display_name":"Labor contract","level":3,"score":0.4915708005428314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777540445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163887","display_name":"Collective agreement","level":3,"score":0.4694958031177521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.39941537380218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.36888939142227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.32987454533576965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80984254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q608190","display_name":"Labor relations","level":2,"score":0.23760616779327393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.23756438493728638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.14078277349472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/001979398303600205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001979398303600205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001979398303600205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192274990","display_name":"Industrial and Labor Relations Review","issn_l":"0019-7939","issn":["0019-7939","2162-271X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ILR Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2307/2523074","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2523074","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2523074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192274990","display_name":"Industrial and Labor Relations Review","issn_l":"0019-7939","issn":["0019-7939","2162-271X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Industrial and Labor Relations Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:ilrrev:v:36:y:1983:i:2:p:230-238","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/001979398303600205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9211000204086304,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051320231","https://openalex.org/W3187535849","https://openalex.org/W1573982201","https://openalex.org/W3125349318","https://openalex.org/W7221122433","https://openalex.org/W2072972849","https://openalex.org/W259393026","https://openalex.org/W7056387605","https://openalex.org/W2026652992","https://openalex.org/W4255281312"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"assesses":[2],"the":[3,25,31,51,103],"wage":[4,18,52,87,104],"effect":[5],"of":[6,16,27,33,42,70,93,102],"compulsory":[7,77,110],"membership":[8,62,78],"clauses":[9,79],"in":[10,35],"union":[11,17,56,111],"contracts.":[12],"Previous":[13],"industry-level":[14],"studies":[15],"effects":[19],"have":[20],"used":[21],"contract":[22],"coverage":[23,57],"as":[24],"measure":[26],"unionization,":[28],"that":[29,76],"is,":[30],"proportion":[32],"workers":[34],"an":[36],"industry,":[37],"both":[38],"members":[39],"and":[40,63],"nonmembers":[41],"unions,":[43],"who":[44],"are":[45],"covered":[46],"by":[47],"collective":[48],"agreements.":[49],"In":[50],"equation":[53],"estimated":[54],"here,":[55],"is":[58],"disaggregated":[59],"into":[60],"its":[61],"covered-nonmember":[64],"components.":[65],"Results":[66,89],"for":[67],"a":[68,91],"sample":[69,92],"54":[71],"three-digit":[72],"manufacturing":[73],"industries":[74],"indicate":[75],"do":[80],"enable":[81],"unions":[82],"to":[83,106],"negotiate":[84],"significantly":[85],"greater":[86],"increases.":[88],"from":[90,109],"21":[94],"two-digit":[95],"industries,":[96],"however,":[97],"offer":[98],"less":[99],"clear-cut":[100],"evidence":[101],"gains":[105],"be":[107],"had":[108],"membership.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
