{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2045112345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17511340710715151","title":"The whistle\u2010blowing zone: applying Barnard's insights to a modern ethical dilemma","display_name":"The whistle\u2010blowing zone: applying Barnard's insights to a modern ethical dilemma","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2045112345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17511340710715151","mag":"2045112345"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/17511340710715151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17511340710715151","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17511340710715151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148189957","display_name":"Journal of Management History","issn_l":"1751-1348","issn":["1751-1348","1758-7751"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Management History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083977114","display_name":"Dae\u2010il Nam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dae\u2010il Nam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management and Operations, College of Business, Washington State University Pullman, Pullman, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management and Operations, College of Business, Washington State University Pullman, Pullman, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028105921","display_name":"David J. Lemak","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16109614","display_name":"Washington State University Tri-Cities","ror":"https://ror.org/02sjef319","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16109614","https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David J. Lemak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management and Operations, College of Business, Washington State University Tri\u2010Cities, Richland, Washington, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management and Operations, College of Business, Washington State University Tri\u2010Cities, Richland, Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16109614"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.268,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90892918,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"33","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11058","display_name":"Ethics in Business and Education","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11058","display_name":"Ethics in Business and Education","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13235","display_name":"Management Theory and Practice","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10297","display_name":"Philosophical Ethics and Theory","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/whistleblowing","display_name":"whistleblowing","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chester-barnard","display_name":"Chester Barnard","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-authority","display_name":"organizational authority","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-ethics","display_name":"business ethics","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-organizations","display_name":"formal organizations","score":0.6949999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.8528481721878052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776950860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914681","display_name":"Originality","level":3,"score":0.7336466312408447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6536940336227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.602150022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984080870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26102","display_name":"Whistle blowing","level":2,"score":0.5934937596321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119232533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q873451","display_name":"Business ethics","level":2,"score":0.5640808939933777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5398309826850891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.5076810121536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778496695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254128","display_name":"Dilemma","level":2,"score":0.44533872604370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.4280727505683899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.3564344048500061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.33166003227233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.26292556524276733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.2566058039665222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.22095432877540588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.19204360246658325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1640314757823944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.1267366111278534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.11062502861022949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08581897616386414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/17511340710715151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17511340710715151","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17511340710715151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148189957","display_name":"Journal of Management History","issn_l":"1751-1348","issn":["1751-1348","1758-7751"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Management History","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6601999998092651}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W626306354","https://openalex.org/W1500493997","https://openalex.org/W1590428808","https://openalex.org/W1966867226","https://openalex.org/W1977258648","https://openalex.org/W1999686839","https://openalex.org/W2039087829","https://openalex.org/W2062451918","https://openalex.org/W2064301261","https://openalex.org/W2075602461","https://openalex.org/W2087452376","https://openalex.org/W2092158013","https://openalex.org/W2099449634","https://openalex.org/W2153656501","https://openalex.org/W2329209396","https://openalex.org/W3021830645","https://openalex.org/W7035713586"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2064301261","https://openalex.org/W2475262046","https://openalex.org/W2626817462","https://openalex.org/W7099542042","https://openalex.org/W206839767","https://openalex.org/W4256552802","https://openalex.org/W2671348570","https://openalex.org/W7202272730","https://openalex.org/W2017635458","https://openalex.org/W7067816291"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"The":[1,33],"purpose":[2],"of":[3,20,86,103,115,120,123,131,166,182,187,195,207,223],"this":[4],"paper":[5,34,135,152,170,174],"is":[6,110,125,171,190],"to":[7,16,48,54,127,143,157,162,175,217,234],"apply":[8],"Chester":[9],"Barnard's":[10,51,73,113,160,177,203],"ideas":[11,74],"about":[12,98],"authority":[13,208],"in":[14,30,179,209,225,231],"organizations":[15,211],"the":[17,66,78,99,118,128,134,151,164,172,180,183,193,214,221,232],"modern":[18,91,129,184],"phenomenon":[19,130,165,222],"\u201cwhistle\u2010blowing\u201d":[21],"and":[22,42,53,71,95,101,146,219],"highlight":[23],"insights":[24,52,87],"that":[25,59,81,88,112,192,227],"can":[26,60,89,198],"advance":[27,90],"contemporary":[28,76],"theory":[29,94,114],"business":[31,62,92,185,196],"ethics.":[32],"coins":[35,136],"a":[36,46,56,84,121,137,154],"new":[37,138],"term":[38,139],"\u201cthe":[39,140],"whistle\u2010blowing":[40,104,141,148,224],"zone,\u201d":[41,142],"uses":[43],"it":[44,109],"as":[45],"way":[47],"capitalize":[49,158],"on":[50,159],"offer":[55],"conceptual":[57,155],"framework":[58,156],"help":[61],"ethics":[63,197],"scholars":[64],"explain":[65,144,163],"phenomenon.":[67],"Design/methodology/approach":[68],"By":[69],"comparing":[70],"contrasting":[72],"with":[75],"research,":[77],"authors":[79],"argue":[80],"he":[82],"provides":[83,213],"number":[85],"ethical":[93],"research.":[96],"Implications":[97],"origin":[100],"mechanism":[102],"are":[105],"discussed.":[106],"Findings":[107],"First,":[108],"found":[111],"authority,":[116],"specifically":[117],"notion":[119],"\u201czone":[122],"indifference\u201d":[124],"applicable":[126],"whistle\u2010blowing.":[132,188],"Second,":[133],"why":[145],"how":[147],"occurs.":[149],"Finally,":[150],"develops":[153],"insight":[161],"\u201cwhistle\u2010blowing.\u201d":[167],"Originality/value":[168],"This":[169],"first":[173],"examine":[176,218],"writings":[178],"context":[181],"issue":[186],"It":[189],"believed":[191],"study":[194],"be":[199],"enhanced":[200],"by":[201],"applying":[202],"work.":[204],"His":[205],"concept":[206],"formal":[210],"actually":[212],"theoretical":[215],"foundation":[216],"understand":[220],"ways":[226],"have":[228],"not":[229],"appeared":[230],"literature":[233],"date.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}