{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2044922153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb01503.x","title":"Effects of a Restraint Reduction Intervention and OBRA '87 Regulations on Psychoactive Drug Use in Nursing Homes","display_name":"Effects of a Restraint Reduction Intervention and OBRA '87 Regulations on Psychoactive Drug Use in Nursing Homes","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2044922153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb01503.x","mag":"2044922153","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9215327"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb01503.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb01503.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb01503.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204183829","display_name":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society","issn_l":"0002-8614","issn":["0002-8614","1532-5415"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068139267","display_name":"Eugenia L. Siegler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9449-5873","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9449-5873"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310342693","display_name":"Brooklyn Hospital Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02xa5mk57","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310342693","https://openalex.org/I1320796813"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eugenia L. Siegler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brooklyn Hospital Center, NY 11201, USA","Brooklyn Hospital Center and New York University School of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brooklyn Hospital Center, NY 11201, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310342693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brooklyn Hospital Center and New York University School of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310342693","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025406731","display_name":"Elizabeth Capezuti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7450-6368","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7450-6368"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth Capezuti","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041034602","display_name":"Greg Maislin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2661-1865","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2661-1865"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Greg Maislin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004404489","display_name":"Mona Baumgarten","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mona Baumgarten","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110094822","display_name":"Lois K. Evans","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lois Evans","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u2020University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007782127","display_name":"Neville E. Strumpf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-9745","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-9745"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neville Strumpf","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068139267"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310342693","https://openalex.org/I57206974"],"apc_list":{"value":4760,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4760},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1567,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90629092,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"7","first_page":"791","last_page":"796"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11678","display_name":"Healthcare Decision-Making and Restraints","score":0.7534000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11678","display_name":"Healthcare Decision-Making and Restraints","score":0.7534000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11376","display_name":"Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes","score":0.19779999554157257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10496","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes","score":0.025499999523162842,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2717","display_name":"Geriatrics and Gerontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing-homes","display_name":"nursing homes","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-use","display_name":"drug use","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/omnibus-budget-reconciliation-act-of-1987","display_name":"Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antipsychotic-drugs","display_name":"antipsychotic drugs","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benzodiazepines","display_name":"benzodiazepines","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medication-appropriateness","display_name":"medication appropriateness","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-intervention","display_name":"educational intervention","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-care-regulation","display_name":"long-term care regulation","score":0.6309999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8998146653175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.710393488407135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019398978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837142","display_name":"Nursing homes","level":2,"score":0.6831510066986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.6757921576499939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.45269423723220825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2426938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3355478","display_name":"Medical prescription","level":2,"score":0.4212309420108795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.37256163358688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.3650394678115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3552517890930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.32335570454597473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.06480807065963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000928","descriptor_name":"Antidepressive Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001569","descriptor_name":"Benzodiazepines","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004363","descriptor_name":"Drug Utilization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009735","descriptor_name":"Nursing Homes","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009740","descriptor_name":"Nursing Staff","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011619","descriptor_name":"Psychotropic Drugs","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012017","descriptor_name":"Referral and Consultation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012149","descriptor_name":"Restraint, Physical","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014150","descriptor_name":"Antipsychotic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014151","descriptor_name":"Anti-Anxiety Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb01503.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb01503.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb01503.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204183829","display_name":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society","issn_l":"0002-8614","issn":["0002-8614","1532-5415"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9215327","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9215327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Geriatrics Society","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1434710822","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01-AG08324","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8483934469","display_name":"MAINTAINING RESTRAINT REDUCTION IN NURSING HOMES","funder_award_id":"5r01ag008324-07","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964280052","https://openalex.org/W1973257569","https://openalex.org/W1976386748","https://openalex.org/W1977211378","https://openalex.org/W1978945985","https://openalex.org/W1982921708","https://openalex.org/W1986259630","https://openalex.org/W1993616406","https://openalex.org/W2005759548","https://openalex.org/W2012022546","https://openalex.org/W2041933303","https://openalex.org/W2050818541","https://openalex.org/W2053079057","https://openalex.org/W2063803293","https://openalex.org/W2065558161","https://openalex.org/W2079432477","https://openalex.org/W2083075014","https://openalex.org/W2084511166","https://openalex.org/W2088041869","https://openalex.org/W2091501110","https://openalex.org/W2121201404","https://openalex.org/W2141909508","https://openalex.org/W2411225175","https://openalex.org/W2416377280","https://openalex.org/W2417180619","https://openalex.org/W3026632525","https://openalex.org/W4300718545","https://openalex.org/W4323283524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990752343","https://openalex.org/W4253753812","https://openalex.org/W7097973806","https://openalex.org/W2146496102","https://openalex.org/W139929920","https://openalex.org/W2027144697","https://openalex.org/W2155060429","https://openalex.org/W48390933","https://openalex.org/W4240132206","https://openalex.org/W1982921708"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"To":[1],"describe":[2],"the":[3,22,73,102,106,113,121,132,136,148,151,161,180,205,217,234,243,288],"changes":[4],"in":[5,9,47,131,145,160,179,183,233,242,258,264],"psychoactive":[6,86,259,272],"drug":[7,260,273],"use":[8,84,129,143,214,274],"nursing":[10,49,114],"homes":[11,69,149,186],"after":[12,150],"implementation":[13],"of":[14,21,27,85,108,123,147,155,207,212,219,287],"physical":[15,89,127,194,250],"restraint":[16,128,251],"reduction":[17,263],"interventions":[18],"and":[19,60,78,88,110,237],"mandates":[20,209,270],"Omnibus":[23],"Budget":[24],"Reconciliation":[25],"Act":[26],"1987":[28],"(OBRA":[29],"'87).":[30],"METHODS:":[31],"A":[32],"secondary":[33],"analysis":[34,109],"was":[35,173,215],"conducted":[36],"using":[37,112],"data":[38,82],"from":[39,229,238],"a":[40,51],"controlled":[41],"clinical":[42],"trial":[43],"that":[44,55,62,134],"took":[45],"place":[46],"three":[48,68,185],"homes:":[50],"control":[52,162,244],"home,":[53],"one":[54,61],"received":[56,63,135],"an":[57,64,225,256],"educational":[58],"intervention,":[59,138],"educational/consultation":[65,137],"intervention.":[66],"All":[67],"were":[70,91,98,196,200,275],"influenced":[71],"by":[72],"OBRA":[74,208,269],"mandates.":[75],"Complete":[76],"pre-":[77],"6":[79],"months'":[80],"post-intervention":[81],"on":[83,202,210,221],"drugs":[87],"restraints":[90,195],"available":[92],"for":[93,290],"446":[94],"resident":[95,103],"subjects.":[96],"Changes":[97],"first":[99],"analyzed":[100],"with":[101],"subjects":[104],"as":[105,120],"unit":[107,122],"then":[111],"home":[115,133,163],"ward":[116],"(n":[117],"=":[118,168],"16)":[119],"analysis.":[124],"RESULTS:":[125],"While":[126],"declined":[130,159,182,228],"neither":[139],"neuroleptic":[140,213],"nor":[141],"benzodiazepine":[142],"increased":[144,285],"any":[146],"interventions.":[152],"The":[153],"percentage":[154,218],"residents":[156,192,220],"taking":[157],"neuroleptics":[158,222],"(18.6%":[164],"to":[165,231,240,248,255,283],"11.3%,":[166],"P":[167],".014).":[169],"Benzodiazepine":[170],"use,":[171],"which":[172],"more":[174],"prevalent":[175],"than":[176],"described":[177],"previously":[178],"literature,":[181],"all":[184],"(P":[187],"<":[188],".001).":[189],"Of":[190],"those":[191],"whose":[193],"discontinued,":[197],"only":[198],"2%":[199],"started":[201],"neuroleptics.":[203,291],"When":[204],"effect":[206],"appropriateness":[211],"examined,":[216],"who":[223],"lacked":[224],"OBRA-approved":[226],"indication":[227],"21.3%":[230],"14.6%":[232],"total":[235],"sample,":[236],"39.9%":[239],"8%":[241],"home.":[245],"CONCLUSIONS:":[246],"Interventions":[247],"reduce":[249],"did":[252],"not":[253,276],"lead":[254],"increase":[257],"use;":[261],"further,":[262],"both":[265],"can":[266],"occur":[267],"simultaneously.":[268],"regarding":[271],"uniformly":[277],"effective,":[278],"but":[279],"appear,":[280],"at":[281],"minimum,":[282],"have":[284],"awareness":[286],"indications":[289]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
