{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2044901666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00697.x","title":"Hemotherapy: from bloodletting magic to transfusion medicine","display_name":"Hemotherapy: from bloodletting magic to transfusion medicine","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2044901666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00697.x","mag":"2044901666","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16441589"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00697.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00697.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00697.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186746772","display_name":"Transfusion","issn_l":"0041-1132","issn":["0041-1132","0372-1248","1537-2995","1878-2000"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transfusion","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"editorial","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103080083","display_name":"Paul Joseph Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6978-0656","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6978-0656"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149479","display_name":"OneBlood","ror":"https://ror.org/04rxwqr66","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149479"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul J. Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transfusion Medicine Academic Center\u2028Florida Blood Services P.O. Box 22500 \u2028St. Petersburg, FL 33742\u2028e\u2010mail: pauljschmidt@hotmail.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transfusion Medicine Academic Center\u2028Florida Blood Services P.O. Box 22500 \u2028St. Petersburg, FL 33742\u2028e\u2010mail: pauljschmidt@hotmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112185905","display_name":"Paul M. Ness","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7386-071X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7386-071X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul M. Ness","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions\u2028600 North Wolfe Street/Carnegie 667 \u2028Baltimore, MD 21287"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions\u2028600 North Wolfe Street/Carnegie 667 \u2028Baltimore, MD 21287","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103080083"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149479"],"apc_list":{"value":4100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4100},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"2","first_page":"166","last_page":"168"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12324","display_name":"History of Medicine Studies","score":0.5439000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12324","display_name":"History of Medicine Studies","score":0.5439000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12990","display_name":"Medical History and Innovations","score":0.36500000953674316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10693","display_name":"Blood transfusion and management","score":0.03819999843835831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemotherapy","display_name":"hemotherapy","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bloodletting","display_name":"bloodletting","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phlebotomy","display_name":"phlebotomy","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-transfusion","display_name":"blood transfusion","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-transfusion-medicine","display_name":"transfusion history","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leech-therapy","display_name":"leech therapy","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-medicine","display_name":"history of medicine","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-illustration","display_name":"medical illustration","score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galen","display_name":"Galen","score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acupuncture","display_name":"acupuncture","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medieval-monasteries","display_name":"medieval monasteries","score":0.574999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778161530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5712605","display_name":"Hemotherapy","level":2,"score":0.9196711778640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775895862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356405","display_name":"Bloodletting","level":3,"score":0.8867846727371216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79592252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318451","display_name":"Transfusion medicine","level":3,"score":0.6885954141616821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777704519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45732","display_name":"MAGIC (telescope)","level":2,"score":0.5959716439247131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5814794898033142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992152733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6730904","display_name":"Magic bullet","level":2,"score":0.46702292561531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780014101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183605","display_name":"Blood transfusion","level":2,"score":0.3618953824043274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.23670434951782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.2151901125907898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001803","descriptor_name":"Blood Transfusion","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001815","descriptor_name":"Bloodletting","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019024","descriptor_name":"Barber Surgeons","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00697.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00697.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00697.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S186746772","display_name":"Transfusion","issn_l":"0041-1132","issn":["0041-1132","0372-1248","1537-2995","1878-2000"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transfusion","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16441589","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16441589","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transfusion","raw_type":"Editorial"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.504800021648407,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W192743438","https://openalex.org/W1512977115","https://openalex.org/W2004508292","https://openalex.org/W2020672965","https://openalex.org/W2075799361","https://openalex.org/W2398733462"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981038982","https://openalex.org/W2302136911","https://openalex.org/W2045753630","https://openalex.org/W3091822890","https://openalex.org/W7221660396","https://openalex.org/W1926202680","https://openalex.org/W2051654600","https://openalex.org/W3031675655","https://openalex.org/W2007403773","https://openalex.org/W2158912837"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Medicine":[0,75,92,217,657,1651],"began":[1,21,1567],"thousands":[2,149,1568],"of":[3,9,18,47,59,112,140,150,211,236,241,273,323,364,384,405,413,440,487,497,509,542,553,569,580,587,666,674,686,711,726,733,740,751,754,772,807,813,835,839,842,853,858,871,881,896,912,943,959,983,1000,1013,1016,1019,1032,1042,1044,1106,1119,1179,1200,1227,1293,1297,1315,1335,1349,1354,1392,1465,1473,1488,1502,1536,1557,1569,1579,1585,1608],"years":[4,24,151,974,1570],"ago":[5,25],"with":[6,172,203,426,577,592,683,689,706,977,1060,1175,1318,1361,1416],"the":[7,35,48,81,86,108,145,189,192,209,230,234,239,252,270,287,297,314,332,353,371,376,382,390,399,403,408,411,434,438,441,444,447,454,466,478,485,495,498,503,507,513,522,539,543,554,559,566,570,578,581,585,588,593,611,613,617,624,627,634,664,667,670,684,709,720,723,731,738,744,752,773,776,808,814,833,836,840,851,856,869,879,891,910,1003,1014,1024,1030,1040,1064,1073,1113,1122,1151,1155,1180,1201,1224,1228,1232,1237,1294,1328,1338,1343,1352,1358,1378,1414,1417,1427,1429,1440,1463,1469,1471,1477,1485,1489,1500,1514,1529,1555,1564,1576,1583,1586,1606,1671,1678],"hemotherapy":[8,42,113,141,1565,1589],"bloodletting":[10,115,155,280,311,365,450,601,609,799,854,902,1505],"as":[11,29,269,389,481,551,602,630,632,750,779,781,789,884,956,962,997,1056,1143,1321,1520,1532,1550,1552,1575,1631],"its":[12],"major":[13,31],"magic.":[14],"The":[15,119,307,457,573,713,805,827,1171,1389,1444,1516],"obverse":[16],"practice":[17,58],"blood":[19,635,668,685,693,721,732,753,883,892,1181,1258,1336,1373,1384,1405,1419,1446],"transfusion":[20,117,676,783,880,937,955,1120,1147,1159,1198,1234,1259,1593,1616],"only":[22,971,995,1072,1085],"200":[23],"and":[26,52,85,147,156,176,198,228,266,304,344,359,361,422,451,476,538,562,584,616,626,629,650,681,691,701,763,802,893,945,985,1010,1068,1082,1098,1109,1140,1158,1255,1287,1377,1382,1407,1582,1599,1610,1623,1637,1643],"was":[27,43,244,556,636,816,847,903,938,947,950,1148,1160,1221,1289,1395,1452,1491],"perfected":[28],"a":[30,44,68,160,166,180,185,321,385,392,482,598,603,697,734,755,790,821,888,894,963,972,978,981,1245,1257,1309,1362,1411,1455,1497,1533,1542,1602,1632],"supportive":[32],"therapy":[33,167,272,1409],"within":[34],"past":[36],"50":[37],"years.":[38,797],"That":[39,101,492,1218,1641],"transition":[40],"in":[41,55,162,168,246,251,283,296,342,375,433,512,527,565,597,655,669,679,728,830,866,873,875,890,988,1080,1092,1154,1165,1168,1190,1236,1239,1265,1279,1302,1351,1397,1413,1424,1437,1496,1621,1627,1649,1677],"significant":[45],"result":[46,1189],"religious,":[49],"scientific,":[50],"philosophical,":[51],"political":[53],"changes":[54,130],"which":[56,153,876,1458],"today's":[57],"medicine":[60,291,563,707,867,1558],"evolved.1":[61],"With":[62,402,506],"this":[63,1661],"issue,":[64],"TRANSFUSION":[65,206],"is":[66,103,207,502,906,1083,1210,1401,1518,1540,1549,1559,1614,1634,1638],"inaugurating":[67],"new":[69,540,1295,1662],"series":[70],"to":[71,106,116,164,191,260,302,312,357,398,443,446,521,757,786,855,909,914,926,1054,1116,1132,1188,1223,1253,1370,1439,1476,1499,1507,1523,1563,1594,1657,1660],"be":[72,653,758,1215,1647,1668],"called":[73,90,1261],"Transfusion":[74,91,216,656,1650],"History":[76,218,658,1652],"Illustrated.":[77,659,1653],"Those":[78,646],"who":[79,952],"enjoy":[80],"Journal's":[82],"cover":[83],"illustrations":[84,199,1105],"short":[87,582],"clinical":[88,1628],"feature":[89],"Illustrated":[93,219],"have":[94,1256],"expressed":[95],"appreciation":[96],"for":[97,215,238,328,453,472,484,600,607,708,730,794,886,1185,1231,1291,1311,1364,1374,1462,1481,1493,1510,1605,1665],"their":[98,173,362,1375],"educational":[99],"value.":[100],"concept":[102,1018,1296],"being":[104],"extended":[105],"show":[107],"story":[109,186,1642],"told":[110],"here":[111],"from":[114,144,159,431,519,784,918,1129,1442],"medicine.":[118,169,306],"artifacts":[120,139,647],"left":[121,1076],"by":[122,233,300,558,800,818,922,928,1022,1086,1150,1262,1513],"our":[123,223,226],"predecessors":[124],"can":[125,134,1667],"often":[126,631],"explain":[127,225],"such":[128,406,764,1574],"long-term":[129],"much":[131],"better":[132],"than":[133,549,1273],"written":[135,374],"history.":[136],"Some":[137],"early":[138,714],"do":[142],"exist":[143,648],"hundreds":[146],"even":[148],"during":[152,490],"superficial":[154,608],"venesection":[157,533,621,801],"evolved":[158],"beginning":[161],"magic":[163,702,792,1501],"become":[165],"Writers":[170],"report":[171],"own":[174],"bias":[175],"every":[177,1250],"repetition":[178],"embellishes":[179],"story.":[181],"Television":[182],"documentaries":[183],"produce":[184],"that":[187,220,257,317,326,394,469,500,769,849,900,935,1035,1249,1271,1421,1527,1547,1566,1644],"fits":[188],"narration":[190],"available":[193],"film":[194],"footage.":[195],"Still":[196],"photographs":[197],"must":[200],"stand":[201],"alone":[202],"minimal":[204],"explanation.":[205],"soliciting":[208],"submission":[210],"unique":[212],"pictorial":[213],"material":[214],"will":[221,652,1646],"highlight":[222],"past,":[224],"present,":[227],"suggest":[229],"future.":[231],"Bloodletting":[232,545],"use":[235,363,1206],"needles":[237],"release":[240,1578],"malevolent":[242,1580],"spirits":[243,1581],"described":[245,381,663],"Chinese":[247],"medical":[248,271,324,386,523,548,811,824,964,1322,1603],"texts":[249],"composed":[250],"fourth":[253],"century":[254,299,378,436,1173,1531],"B.C.":[255],"Later":[256,987],"treatment":[258,885],"moved":[259],"distant":[261],"sites":[262],"along":[263,425],"\"meridian":[264],"lines\"":[265],"achieved":[267],"status":[268],"acupuncture.2":[274],"In":[275,737,832,1047,1243,1426,1468],"one":[276,1074],"form":[277],"or":[278,641],"other,":[279],"appeared":[281],"independently":[282],"cultures":[284],"all":[285,1048,1435],"over":[286],"world.":[288],"Early":[289,1194],"Roman":[290],"practiced":[292],"actual":[293],"venesection,":[294],"credited":[295],"second":[298],"Galen":[301],"Hippocrates":[303],"Greek":[305],"Galenic":[308],"writings":[309,339,517,1097],"on":[310,336,535,775,980,1063,1088,1101,1337,1670],"balance":[313],"four":[315,1587],"humors":[316],"determined":[318],"health":[319,414],"formed":[320],"system":[322,1432,1456],"theory":[325],"persisted":[327],"1000":[329],"years.1":[330],"When":[331],"Dark":[333],"Ages":[334],"descended":[335],"Europe,":[337,417],"Galen's":[338,516],"were":[340,345,355,610,677,694,703,716,1110,1126,1136,1276,1346,1422],"preserved":[341],"Baghdad":[343,520],"translated":[346],"into":[347,638,643,760,1457,1591],"Arabic.":[348],"Most":[349],"Arabic":[350],"physicians,":[351],"like":[352,1656],"Chinese,":[354],"averse":[356],"dissection":[358],"surgery":[360,424],"became":[366,410,494,546,1410,1433,1448,1601],"superficial.":[367],"An":[368],"independent":[369],"literature,":[370],"Leech":[372],"Books,":[373],"tenth":[377],"Anglo-Saxon":[379],"language":[380],"duties":[383],"practitioner":[387],"known":[388,1187],"laece,3":[391],"word":[393],"then":[395,1028,1600],"gave":[396,746,1052],"name":[397,806,1087,1445],"bloodsucking":[400],"leech.":[401,619],"availability":[404],"manuscripts,":[407],"monasteries":[409],"centers":[412],"care":[415,445],"throughout":[416,1112,1121],"providing":[418],"bloodletting,":[419],"tooth":[420],"extraction,":[421],"minor":[423],"herbal":[427],"remedies.":[428],"A":[429],"ruling":[430],"Rome":[432],"twelfth":[435],"limited":[437],"ministrations":[439],"monks":[442],"soul,":[448],"leaving":[449],"dentistry":[452],"barber":[455,459,504,574],"surgeons.1":[456],"itinerant":[458],"surgeon":[460,1251],"wrapped":[461],"his":[462,488,864,989,1049,1089,1093,1107,1263,1266],"bloody":[463],"bandages":[464],"around":[465],"walking":[467],"stick":[468,479,493],"he":[470,877],"carried":[471],"protection":[473],"against":[474],"highwaymen":[475],"used":[477,623,1235],"also":[480],"rest":[483],"arm":[486],"patient":[489,1133],"phlebotomy.":[491],"sign":[496],"trade":[499],"today":[501],"pole.":[505],"resurgence":[508],"European":[510,529],"civilization":[511],"thirteenth":[514],"century,":[515,672],"returned":[518,1368],"school":[524],"at":[525,696,868,1162],"Salerno":[526],"Italy.":[528],"physicians":[530,596],"again":[531],"championed":[532],"based":[534],"bedside":[536],"experience":[537],"findings":[541],"anatomists.":[544],"more":[547,1117,1272],"magical":[550,1577],"knowledge":[552],"body":[555],"spread":[557],"printing":[560],"press":[561],"joined":[564,591,1301],"information":[567],"revolution":[568],"sixteenth":[571],"century.":[572],"surgeons":[575,579,586,1195],"together":[576],"coat":[583,590],"long":[589],"learned":[594],"university":[595],"mania":[599],"therapy.":[604,965],"Their":[605],"tools":[606,1108],"scarificator,":[612],"vacuum":[614],"cup,":[615],"hungry":[618],"For":[620],"they":[622],"fleam":[625],"lancet,":[628],"not,":[633],"collected":[637,1331],"shaving":[639],"bowls":[640],"measured":[642],"bleeding":[644],"bowls.":[645],"today4":[649],"some":[651],"shown":[654],"Shortly":[660],"after":[661,718],"Harvey":[662],"circulation":[665],"seventeenth":[671],"trials":[673],"human":[675,882],"performed":[678,695,717,931,1277,1492],"Paris":[680],"London":[682,990],"animals.":[687],"Transfusions":[688],"lamb":[690],"calf":[692],"time":[698],"when":[699],"religion":[700],"still":[704,1560,1635,1639],"mixed":[705],"entertainment":[710,793],"spectators.":[712],"transfusions":[715,1128,1275],"removing":[719],"containing":[722],"ill":[724],"temperament":[725],"man":[727,787],"exchange":[729,1592],"calmer":[735],"animal.":[736],"words":[739],"diarist":[741],"Samuel":[742],"Pepys,":[743],"idea":[745,911],"him":[747,1039,1059],"\"pretty":[748],"wishes,":[749],"Quaker":[756],"let":[759],"an":[761,845,919,923,1144,1521],"Archbishop,":[762],"like.\"5":[765],"Despite":[766],"legal":[767],"prohibitions":[768],"arose":[770],"because":[771,1134,1208,1348,1450,1535],"assault":[774],"recipient's":[777],"soul":[778],"well":[780],"body,":[782],"animal":[785,932,1025],"continued":[788],"sporadic":[791],"another":[795],"150":[796],"Meanwhile,":[798,1484],"leeching":[803],"continued.":[804],"most":[809,822],"important":[810],"tool":[812],"bloodletter":[815],"taken":[817],"what":[819],"remains":[820],"respected":[823],"journal":[825,1246],"today,":[826,961],"Lancet,":[828],"founded":[829,1396],"1823.":[831],"midst":[834],"continuing":[837],"rise":[838],"sea":[841],"shed":[843],"blood,":[844],"event":[846],"recorded":[848],"links":[850],"art":[852],"science":[857,1534,1556,1604,1633],"transfusion.":[859],"John":[860],"Henry":[861],"Leacock":[862,951,976,1055,1070],"published":[863,1067,1111],"dissertation":[865,979],"University":[870],"Edinburgh":[872,970],"1816":[874],"proposed":[878],"both":[887],"\"deficiency\"":[889],"loss":[895],"blood.":[897,1366,1612],"He":[898,930,1006],"wrote":[899],"if":[901,940],"therapeutic,":[904],"\"what":[905,1209],"there":[907,1135],"repugnant":[908],"trying":[913],"cure":[915],"diseases":[916,1186],"arising":[917],"opposite":[920,924],"cause":[921],"remedy,":[925],"wit,":[927],"transfusion.\"":[929],"experiments":[933],"proving":[934],"therapeutic":[936,1486],"possible":[939],"species":[941,1020],"specificity":[942,1021],"donor":[944,1130,1431],"recipient":[946],"matched.6":[948],"It":[949],"first":[953],"defined":[954],"we":[957],"think":[958],"it":[960,1207,1451],"James":[966],"Blundell":[967,993,1027,1051,1066],"had":[968],"graduated":[969],"few":[973],"before":[975],"study":[982],"music":[984],"hearing.":[986],"obstetrical":[991],"practice,":[992],"could":[994],"watch":[996],"women":[998],"died":[999],"uterine":[1001],"hemorrhage,":[1002],"dreaded":[1004],"\"floodings.\"":[1005],"remembered":[1007],"Leacock's":[1008,1017],"suggestion":[1009],"convinced":[1011],"himself":[1012],"correctness":[1015],"repeating":[1023],"experiments.":[1026],"launched":[1029],"usage":[1031],"human-to-human":[1033],"transfusion7":[1034],"properly":[1036],"has":[1037],"earned":[1038],"title":[1041],"\"Father":[1043],"Blood":[1045,1393],"Transfusion.\"":[1046],"publications,":[1050],"credit":[1053],"having":[1057],"provided":[1058],"\"first":[1061],"notions":[1062],"subject.\"":[1065],"republished.":[1069],"made":[1071,1460],"report,":[1075],"no":[1077,1137,1453],"further":[1078],"record":[1079],"medicine,":[1081,1617],"memorialized":[1084],"widow's":[1090],"tombstone":[1091],"native":[1094],"Barbados.6":[1095],"Blundell's":[1096],"text":[1099],"lectures":[1100],"\"obstetricy\"":[1102],"included":[1103],"detailed":[1104],"world":[1114],"leading":[1115],"reports":[1118],"nineteenth":[1123],"century.7":[1124],"All":[1125],"\"direct\"":[1127],"immediately":[1131],"satisfactory":[1138],"anticoagulants":[1139,1230],"defibrination":[1141],"failed":[1142],"alternative.":[1145],"Syringe":[1146],"documented":[1149],"Union":[1152],"armies":[1153],"Civil":[1156],"War":[1157,1241,1304],"photographed":[1161],"Bellevue":[1163],"Hospital":[1164],"New":[1166,1280,1306],"York":[1167,1281,1307],"1873.7,":[1169],"8":[1170],"twentieth":[1172,1530],"opened":[1174,1386],"Landsteiner's":[1176,1537],"accidental":[1177],"discovery":[1178],"groups":[1182],"while":[1183],"testing":[1184,1480],"red":[1191,1344],"cell":[1192],"agglutination.":[1193],"practicing":[1196],"direct":[1197],"knew":[1199],"work":[1202],"but":[1203,1357,1554],"did":[1204],"not":[1205,1402],"apparently":[1211],"true":[1212],"to-day":[1213],"may":[1214],"contradicted":[1216],"to-morrow.\"9":[1217],"same":[1219],"caution":[1220],"applied":[1222],"1915":[1225],"introduction":[1226],"citrate":[1229],"\"indirect\"":[1233],"trenches":[1238],"World":[1240,1303],"I.":[1242],"1928,":[1244],"editor":[1247],"complained":[1248],"wished":[1252],"devise":[1254],"instrument":[1260],"name;":[1264],"Nobel":[1267],"lecture,":[1268],"Landsteiner":[1269],"reported":[1270],"10,000":[1274],"annually":[1278],"City":[1282],"alone.":[1283],"Practical":[1284],"difficulties":[1285],"remained":[1286],"plasma":[1288,1355],"introduced":[1290,1423],"management":[1292],"\"shock.\"":[1298],"Before":[1299],"America":[1300,1325],"II,":[1305],"sponsored":[1308],"\"Plasma":[1310],"Britain\"":[1312],"program":[1313],"out":[1314],"six":[1316],"hospitals":[1317],"Charles":[1319],"Drew":[1320,1339],"director.":[1323],"After":[1324],"sent":[1326],"troops,":[1327],"Red":[1329,1379],"Cross":[1330],"14":[1332],"million":[1333],"pints":[1334],"model.":[1340],"At":[1341],"first,":[1342],"cells":[1345,1626],"discarded":[1347],"faith":[1350],"efficacy":[1353],"alone,":[1356],"war":[1359],"ended":[1360],"victory":[1363],"whole":[1365,1372],"Physicians":[1367],"home":[1369],"demand":[1371],"patients,":[1376],"Cross,":[1380],"community,":[1381],"hospital":[1383],"banks":[1385],"civilian":[1387],"programs.":[1388],"American":[1390,1430],"Association":[1391],"Banks":[1394],"1947.":[1398],"Although":[1399],"progress":[1400],"necessarily":[1403],"chronological,":[1404],"component":[1406],"platelet":[1408],"reality":[1412],"1960s":[1415],"plastic":[1418,1524],"containers":[1420],"1953.":[1425],"1970s,":[1428],"almost":[1434],"voluntary":[1436],"response":[1438],"danger":[1441],"hepatitis.":[1443],"bank":[1447],"obsolete":[1449],"longer":[1454],"donors":[1459],"deposits":[1461],"purpose":[1464],"making":[1466],"withdrawals.":[1467],"1980s,":[1470],"appearance":[1472],"AIDS":[1474],"led":[1475],"current":[1478],"exquisite":[1479],"viral":[1482],"contaminants.":[1483],"plasmapheresis":[1487],"1970s":[1490],"unexplained":[1494],"disorders":[1495],"throwback":[1498],"bloodletting.":[1503],"Massive":[1504],"persists":[1506],"obtain":[1508],"samples":[1509],"test":[1511,1539],"\"profiling\"":[1512],"laboratory.":[1515],"leech":[1517],"back":[1519],"aid":[1522],"surgery.":[1525],"Immunohematology":[1526],"entered":[1528],"agglutination":[1538],"now":[1541,1615],"technology.":[1543],"Nevertheless,":[1544],"Starobinski's":[1545],"dictum":[1546],"\"disease":[1548],"old":[1551],"life,":[1553],"young,\"1":[1561],"applies":[1562],"ago.":[1571],"From":[1572],"goals":[1573],"control":[1584],"humors,":[1588],"grew":[1590],"mollify":[1595],"man's":[1596],"bad":[1597],"character":[1598],"replacement":[1607],"deficient":[1609],"lost":[1611],"Hemotherapy":[1613,1630],"applying":[1618],"molecular":[1619],"biology":[1620],"immunohematology":[1622],"using":[1624],"precursor":[1625],"care.":[1629],"young":[1636],"growing.":[1640],"growth":[1645],"depicted":[1648],"We":[1654],"would":[1655],"invite":[1658],"contributions":[1659],"section.":[1663],"Instructions":[1664],"authors":[1666],"found":[1669],"Manuscript":[1672],"Central":[1673],"Web":[1674],"site":[1675],"(http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/transfusion)":[1676],"author":[1679],"center.":[1680]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}