{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2044573252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0305498950210305","title":"Education Needs Training","display_name":"Education Needs Training","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2044573252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0305498950210305","mag":"2044573252"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/0305498950210305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0305498950210305","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0305498950210305","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55586218","display_name":"Oxford Review of Education","issn_l":"0305-4985","issn":["0305-4985","1465-3915"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oxford Review of Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091230802","display_name":"Christopher Andrew Winch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0818-5102","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0818-5102"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Winch","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091230802"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.265,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98496614,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":"315","last_page":"325"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14024","display_name":"Education, Philosophy, and Society","score":0.8026999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14024","display_name":"Education, Philosophy, and Society","score":0.8026999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10437","display_name":"Educational theories and practices","score":0.0794999971985817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12558","display_name":"Wittgensteinian philosophy and applications","score":0.032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"training","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-learning","display_name":"human learning","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-learning","display_name":"moral learning","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditioning","display_name":"conditioning","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discovery-learning","display_name":"discovery learning","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behaviorism","display_name":"behaviorism","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jean-jacques-rousseau","display_name":"Jean-Jacques Rousseau","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-theory","display_name":"educational theory","score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-childhood-learning","display_name":"early childhood learning","score":0.4620000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.6263580918312073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.46538180112838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.4089992642402649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3867555558681488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3619316816329956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35819584131240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.15899449586868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12982776761054993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/0305498950210305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0305498950210305","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0305498950210305","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55586218","display_name":"Oxford Review of Education","issn_l":"0305-4985","issn":["0305-4985","1465-3915"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oxford Review of Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9235000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W625961289","https://openalex.org/W1964401067","https://openalex.org/W2045586396","https://openalex.org/W2070662474","https://openalex.org/W2329281332","https://openalex.org/W2332879051","https://openalex.org/W3151430831","https://openalex.org/W3189765389"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986480830","https://openalex.org/W6996924400","https://openalex.org/W2920440594","https://openalex.org/W985145963","https://openalex.org/W225092098","https://openalex.org/W4236723822","https://openalex.org/W4320400838","https://openalex.org/W4299547577","https://openalex.org/W7217176039","https://openalex.org/W768790828"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"relative":[1],"neglect":[2],"of":[3,19,61,64,67,74,93,98,102,108],"training":[4,13,68,75,109],"by":[5],"educationists":[6],"is":[7,10,14,42,57,80],"criticised.":[8],"It":[9],"argued":[11,58],"that":[12,59],"fundamental":[15],"to":[16,32,82,121],"many":[17],"forms":[18,37],"human":[20],"learning":[21,28],"including":[22],"early":[23,30],"moral":[24],"learning.":[25],"Training":[26,41],"assists":[27],"from":[29,44,71],"childhood":[31],"adulthood":[33],"and":[34,50,55,85,101],"takes":[35],"different":[36,39],"at":[38],"stages.":[40],"distinguished":[43],"conditioning":[45],"on":[46,52,88,104],"the":[47,53,62,65,89,96,99],"one":[48],"hand":[49],"discovery":[51],"other":[54],"it":[56],"most":[60],"criticisms":[63],"use":[66],"techniques":[69],"arise":[70],"a":[72],"misidentification":[73],"with":[76],"conditioning.":[77],"Finally,":[78],"consideration":[79],"given":[81],"possible":[83],"cultural":[84],"intellectual":[86],"influences":[87,97],"current":[90],"low":[91],"status":[92],"training.":[94,118],"Specifically,":[95],"behaviourists":[100],"Rousseau":[103],"our":[105],"present":[106],"perception":[107],"are":[110],"discussed.":[111],"Any":[112],"explanation":[113],"has":[114],"its":[115],"foundation":[116],"in":[117],"(Educators":[119],"ought":[120],"remember":[122],"this.)":[123],"(Wittgenstein,":[124],"para.":[125],"1967,":[126],"419)":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}