{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2044147264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07418829600093151","title":"A new test of classic strain theory","display_name":"A new test of classic strain theory","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2044147264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07418829600093151","mag":"2044147264"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/07418829600093151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07418829600093151","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07418829600093151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S149422333","display_name":"Justice Quarterly","issn_l":"0741-8825","issn":["0741-8825","1745-9109"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Justice Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020963964","display_name":"Robert S. Agnew","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Agnew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088820544","display_name":"Francis T. Cullen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4975-915X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4975-915X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francis T. Cullen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cincinnati"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cincinnati","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012219490","display_name":"Velmer S. Burton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191149221","display_name":"Ferris State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cg1ev32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191149221"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Velmer S. Burton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ferris State University","Ferris State University#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ferris State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191149221"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ferris State University#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191149221"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110612918","display_name":"T. David Evans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1996-4533","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1996-4533"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153901656","display_name":"University of North Carolina Wilmington","ror":"https://ror.org/02t0qr014","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153901656"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. David Evans","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Wilmington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Wilmington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153901656"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060981115","display_name":"R. Gregory Dunaway","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99041443","display_name":"Mississippi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0432jq872","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Gregory Dunaway","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mississippi State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mississippi State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.3171,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":122,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96925146,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"681","last_page":"704"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10318","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-deprivation","display_name":"relative deprivation","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-use","display_name":"drug use","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attitudes-toward-crime","display_name":"attitudes toward crime","score":0.5170000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779183389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532392","display_name":"General strain theory","level":3,"score":0.7527480125427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6393972635269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.6078168153762817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5629079937934875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5310797095298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.520948052406311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778022156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576145","display_name":"Strain (injury)","level":2,"score":0.43887796998023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.24907410144805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10277596116065979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71376074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1001125","display_name":"Juvenile delinquency","level":2,"score":0.08906346559524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08315452933311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/07418829600093151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07418829600093151","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07418829600093151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S149422333","display_name":"Justice Quarterly","issn_l":"0741-8825","issn":["0741-8825","1745-9109"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Justice Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.47620001435279846,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490075541","https://openalex.org/W1964292076","https://openalex.org/W1972922514","https://openalex.org/W1977198508","https://openalex.org/W1986374093","https://openalex.org/W1997110940","https://openalex.org/W1999017454","https://openalex.org/W2016701470","https://openalex.org/W2020917984","https://openalex.org/W2026283457","https://openalex.org/W2047181900","https://openalex.org/W2049077546","https://openalex.org/W2059946352","https://openalex.org/W2060646390","https://openalex.org/W2077163763","https://openalex.org/W2125272611","https://openalex.org/W2141552719","https://openalex.org/W2143001701","https://openalex.org/W2144450487","https://openalex.org/W2148926046","https://openalex.org/W2152728891","https://openalex.org/W2164589261","https://openalex.org/W2165049738","https://openalex.org/W2314927516","https://openalex.org/W2315978935","https://openalex.org/W2413246953","https://openalex.org/W2492886855","https://openalex.org/W2729393551","https://openalex.org/W2783092811","https://openalex.org/W2796638160","https://openalex.org/W2797247465","https://openalex.org/W3013070118","https://openalex.org/W4210387359","https://openalex.org/W4213003994","https://openalex.org/W4242659724","https://openalex.org/W4248330370","https://openalex.org/W4254848309","https://openalex.org/W4299725134"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046185705","https://openalex.org/W2237704743","https://openalex.org/W2060646390","https://openalex.org/W7100851140","https://openalex.org/W185608309","https://openalex.org/W2022984365","https://openalex.org/W2016701470","https://openalex.org/W1977198508","https://openalex.org/W1994080898","https://openalex.org/W4233274593"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"central":[1],"variable":[2],"in":[3,27,40,78,141],"classic":[4,60,151],"strain":[5,36,61,152],"theory":[6,62],"is":[7,37,83,125],"the":[8,32,43,65,139],"individual's":[9],"level":[10],"of":[11,31,42,69,76,95,104],"dissatisfaction":[12,53,82,111],"or":[13,17],"frustration":[14],"with":[15,54],"his":[16],"her":[18],"monetary":[19,55],"status.":[20],"This":[21,49,123],"variable,":[22],"however,":[23],"has":[24,112],"been":[25],"ignored":[26],"virtually":[28],"all":[29],"tests":[30],"theory.":[33,153],"Most":[34],"often,":[35],"measured":[38],"indirectly":[39],"terms":[41],"disjunction":[44],"between":[45],"aspirations":[46],"and":[47,57,67,89,106,120,133],"expectations.":[48],"paper":[50],"directly":[51],"measures":[52],"status,":[56],"draws":[58],"on":[59,116],"to":[63,136],"explore":[64],"determinants":[66],"effects":[68],"such":[70],"dissatisfaction.":[71],"Data":[72],"from":[73],"a":[74,93,102,113],"sample":[75],"adults":[77],"Cincinnati":[79],"indicate":[80],"that":[81],"highest":[84],"among":[85,127],"objectively":[86],"deprived":[87],"individuals":[88],"those":[90,128],"who":[91,129],"desire":[92],"lot":[94,103],"money,":[96,105],"have":[97,130],"low":[98],"expectations":[99],"for":[100,150],"making":[101],"feel":[107],"relatively":[108],"deprived.":[109],"Further,":[110],"positive":[114],"effect":[115,124],"both":[117],"income-generating":[118],"crime":[119],"drug":[121],"use.":[122],"strongest":[126],"criminal":[131],"friends":[132],"beliefs":[134],"conductive":[135],"crime.":[137],"Unlike":[138],"findings":[140],"much":[142],"previous":[143],"research,":[144],"these":[145],"data":[146],"provide":[147],"qualified":[148],"support":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}