{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2043979207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01638538609544628","title":"Causal networks versus goal hierarchies in summarizing text\u2217","display_name":"Causal networks versus goal hierarchies in summarizing text\u2217","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2043979207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01638538609544628","mag":"2043979207"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01638538609544628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01638538609544628","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01638538609544628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181779256","display_name":"Discourse Processes","issn_l":"0163-853X","issn":["0163-853X","1532-6950"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discourse Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024015382","display_name":"Paul van den Broek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9058-721X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9058-721X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul van den Broek","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago, ; University of Kentucky","University of Chicago ,","University of Kentucky ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago, ; University of Kentucky","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kentucky ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054721941","display_name":"Tom Trabasso","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom Trabasso","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago, ; 5835 S. Kimbark Ave., Chicago, IL, 60637","5835 S. Kimbark Ave., Chicago, IL, 60637","University of Chicago ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago, ; 5835 S. Kimbark Ave., Chicago, IL, 60637","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"5835 S. Kimbark Ave., Chicago, IL, 60637","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":106.7338,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":124,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99917955,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12461","display_name":"Narrative Theory and Analysis","score":0.4722000062465668,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12461","display_name":"Narrative Theory and Analysis","score":0.4722000062465668,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.2070000022649765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.03889999911189079,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-summarization","display_name":"text summarization","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrative-comprehension","display_name":"narrative comprehension","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/goal-hierarchy","display_name":"goal hierarchy","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-networks","display_name":"causal networks","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-chains","display_name":"causal chains","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-levels","display_name":"hierarchical levels","score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-reasoning","display_name":"causal reasoning","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrative-structure","display_name":"narrative structure","score":0.4449999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79897977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054568","display_name":"Causal chain","level":2,"score":0.8568690419197083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777026412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2684591","display_name":"Statement (logic)","level":2,"score":0.797616720199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9354725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286017","display_name":"Operationalization","level":2,"score":0.6934177875518799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170858558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1394144","display_name":"Automatic summarization","level":2,"score":0.6233882904052734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11671645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054567","display_name":"Causal model","level":2,"score":0.5375655889511108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.46975067257881165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.46358439326286316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.46332165598869324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4422699809074402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163504300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2364925","display_name":"Causal structure","level":2,"score":0.420820415019989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.39698418974876404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.32713446021080017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3236537575721741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.18521177768707275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.17225244641304016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1434210240840912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/01638538609544628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01638538609544628","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01638538609544628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181779256","display_name":"Discourse Processes","issn_l":"0163-853X","issn":["0163-853X","1532-6950"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discourse Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W123366752","https://openalex.org/W250170256","https://openalex.org/W642745061","https://openalex.org/W1508363014","https://openalex.org/W1550372748","https://openalex.org/W1579308153","https://openalex.org/W1966384207","https://openalex.org/W1993027114","https://openalex.org/W1995776300","https://openalex.org/W2013292852","https://openalex.org/W2015204381","https://openalex.org/W2015639952","https://openalex.org/W2029007042","https://openalex.org/W2029846146","https://openalex.org/W2037346224","https://openalex.org/W2038150796","https://openalex.org/W2039107287","https://openalex.org/W2045178568","https://openalex.org/W2046416673","https://openalex.org/W2077858874","https://openalex.org/W2093115586","https://openalex.org/W2125762518","https://openalex.org/W2126368947","https://openalex.org/W2148876004","https://openalex.org/W2150847836","https://openalex.org/W2163523176","https://openalex.org/W2171476028","https://openalex.org/W2341830409","https://openalex.org/W4250603016","https://openalex.org/W4255871753","https://openalex.org/W4299324956"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2020003133","https://openalex.org/W2046416673","https://openalex.org/W2749626679","https://openalex.org/W2804080444","https://openalex.org/W2550998066","https://openalex.org/W1994990049","https://openalex.org/W1433420522","https://openalex.org/W3113322598","https://openalex.org/W3114925092","https://openalex.org/W1968795630"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,20,68,166],"importance":[1,21,171],"of":[2,22,29,40,57,70,76,95,117,136,142,172,181],"a":[3,6,23,35,41,86,89,99,108,173,176],"statement":[4,24,174],"in":[5,27,34,45,78,98,110,163,175],"story":[7,15,42],"was":[8,25,105],"investigated,":[9],"contrasting":[10],"two":[11],"alternative":[12],"approaches":[13],"to":[14,88],"understanding:":[16],"hierarchical":[17,47,128],"vs.":[18],"causal.":[19],"operationalized":[26],"terms":[28],"the":[30,51,55,115,121,127,134,140,164,170,179],"statement's":[31],"being":[32,96],"included":[33,97,155],"summary.":[36],"Goal\u2010statements":[37],"across":[38],"versions":[39],"were":[43,66,80,124,154,161],"varied":[44],"their":[46],"level.":[48],"In":[49],"addition,":[50],"causal\u2010chain":[52,122,152],"status":[53,123],"and":[54,63,120,147],"number":[56,116,135],"direct":[58],"causal":[59,112,118,137,182],"connections":[60,119,138],"for":[61,144],"goal":[62,146],"other":[64,148],"statements":[65,77,149,153,159],"identified.":[67],"effects":[69],"these":[71],"three":[72],"properties":[73],"on":[74],"inclusion":[75],"summaries":[79],"studied.":[81],"A":[82],"goal\u2010statement's":[83],"change":[84,109],"from":[85],"superordi\u2010nate":[87],"subordinate":[90],"level":[91,129],"decreased":[92],"its":[93,111],"probability":[94],"summary":[100],"only":[101],"if":[102],"this":[103],"shift":[104],"accompanied":[106],"by":[107],"role.":[113],"When":[114,133],"held":[125],"constant,":[126],"had":[130],"no":[131],"effect.":[132],"increased,":[139],"likelihood":[141],"summarization":[143],"both":[145],"increased.":[150],"Similarly,":[151],"more":[156],"often":[157],"than":[158],"that":[160,169],"not":[162],"chain.":[165],"data":[167],"suggest":[168],"structure":[177],"is":[178],"result":[180],"reasoning":[183],"during":[184],"comprehension.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
