{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2043940724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(90)90118-h","title":"Paraprojects as new modes of international development assistance","display_name":"Paraprojects as new modes of international development assistance","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2043940724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(90)90118-h","mag":"2043940724"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0305-750x(90)90118-h","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(90)90118-h","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(90)90118-h","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85457386","display_name":"World Development","issn_l":"0305-750X","issn":["0305-750X","1873-5991"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(90)90118-h","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070504192","display_name":"Norman T. Uphoff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2868-6046","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2868-6046"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Norman Uphoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University,Ithaca New York,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University,Ithaca New York,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070504192"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":{"value":4780,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5895},"apc_paid":{"value":4780,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5895},"fwci":5.0314,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94455994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"10","first_page":"1401","last_page":"1411"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11168","display_name":"International Development and Aid","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11168","display_name":"International Development and Aid","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13456","display_name":"Religion, Society, and Development","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13035","display_name":"Human Rights and Development","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/development-assistance","display_name":"development aid","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/donor-agencies","display_name":"donor agencies","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paraprofessionals","display_name":"paraprofessionals","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/project-size","display_name":"project size","score":0.4580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diminishing-returns","display_name":"diminishing returns","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/development-effectiveness","display_name":"development effectiveness","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-effectiveness","display_name":"cost-effectiveness","score":0.8659999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87616379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2477868","display_name":"International development","level":2,"score":0.5149655938148499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.3856392204761505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3854609727859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2978288233280182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2801792025566101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.27242210507392883}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0305-750x(90)90118-h","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(90)90118-h","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(90)90118-h","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85457386","display_name":"World Development","issn_l":"0305-750X","issn":["0305-750X","1873-5991"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:wdevel:v:18:y:1990:i:10:p:1401-1411","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0305-750X(90)90118-H","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0305-750x(90)90118-h","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(90)90118-h","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(90)90118-h","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85457386","display_name":"World Development","issn_l":"0305-750X","issn":["0305-750X","1873-5991"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5400000214576721}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44049300","https://openalex.org/W128619635","https://openalex.org/W265980571","https://openalex.org/W268841872","https://openalex.org/W300977295","https://openalex.org/W578395090","https://openalex.org/W656707186","https://openalex.org/W849548180","https://openalex.org/W1481417873","https://openalex.org/W1489725498","https://openalex.org/W1554351839","https://openalex.org/W1569167622","https://openalex.org/W1569873784","https://openalex.org/W1577476780","https://openalex.org/W1706051405","https://openalex.org/W2056297441","https://openalex.org/W2266569130","https://openalex.org/W2292714587","https://openalex.org/W2471470163","https://openalex.org/W3130261021","https://openalex.org/W4243780367","https://openalex.org/W6634383337"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2892378655","https://openalex.org/W7110924074","https://openalex.org/W2805763544","https://openalex.org/W3124416126","https://openalex.org/W7100188405","https://openalex.org/W2004219111","https://openalex.org/W187800317","https://openalex.org/W7096161376","https://openalex.org/W2298156885","https://openalex.org/W2099875616"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Much":[3],"as":[4],"paraprofessionals":[5],"are":[6,25,56,62,71,86],"intended":[7],"to":[8,27,60,74],"accomplish":[9],"things":[10,67],"that":[11,47],"professionals":[12],"cannot":[13,34],"or":[14,35],"will":[15],"not":[16,37],"do,":[17],"donor":[18,54],"agencies":[19],"should":[20],"consider":[21],"supporting":[22],"paraprojects.":[23],"These":[24],"oriented":[26],"making":[28],"developmental":[29],"contributions":[30],"where":[31],"conventional":[32],"projects":[33],"do":[36],"reach,":[38],"and":[39,50,64,89],"in":[40],"more":[41],"sustainable,":[42],"cost-effective":[43],"ways.":[44],"It":[45],"appears":[46],"the":[48,92],"effectiveness":[49],"efficiency":[51],"with":[52],"which":[53,85],"resources":[55],"presently":[57],"being":[58,68],"put":[59],"use":[61],"declining":[63],"that,":[65],"other":[66],"equal,":[69],"there":[70],"diminishing":[72],"returns":[73],"project":[75],"size.":[76],"This":[77],"article":[78],"explores":[79],"alternative":[80],"modes":[81],"of":[82],"development":[83],"assistance":[84],"brought":[87],"together":[88],"illuminated":[90],"by":[91],"paraproject":[93],"concept.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}