{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2043913677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591299705000107","title":"Change and Continuity Among Women State Legislators: Evidence From Three Decades","display_name":"Change and Continuity Among Women State Legislators: Evidence From Three Decades","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2043913677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591299705000107","mag":"2043913677"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/106591299705000107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591299705000107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591299705000107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108349823","display_name":"Political Research Quarterly","issn_l":"1065-9129","issn":["1065-9129","1938-274X","1938-2758"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Political Research Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076756035","display_name":"Kathleen A. Dolan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7075-8920","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7075-8920"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64185308","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Oshkosh","ror":"https://ror.org/05w22af52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64185308"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathleen Dolan","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN OSHKOSH"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN OSHKOSH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64185308"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073367393","display_name":"Lynne E. Ford","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204593131","display_name":"College of Charleston","ror":"https://ror.org/00390t168","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204593131"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lynne E. Ford","raw_affiliation_strings":["(College of Charleston)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"(College of Charleston)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204593131"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6528,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":87,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95050445,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"1","first_page":"137","last_page":"137"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11432","display_name":"Gender Politics and Representation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11432","display_name":"Gender Politics and Representation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legislative-careers","display_name":"legislative careers","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legislative-agenda","display_name":"legislative agenda","score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-in-politics","display_name":"women in politics","score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-and-politics","display_name":"gender and politics","score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-legislatures","display_name":"state legislatures","score":0.5590000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.8935030698776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781287902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4175034","display_name":"Legislator","level":3,"score":0.7532830834388733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6862868666648865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5938420295715332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779949451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7603708","display_name":"State legislature","level":3,"score":0.5667192935943604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5401735305786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778044066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455595","display_name":"Amateur","level":2,"score":0.4338151514530182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.43295755982398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.2886413335800171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2884114980697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/106591299705000107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591299705000107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/106591299705000107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108349823","display_name":"Political Research Quarterly","issn_l":"1065-9129","issn":["1065-9129","1938-274X","1938-2758"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Political Research Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2307/449032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/449032","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/449032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108349823","display_name":"Political Research Quarterly","issn_l":"1065-9129","issn":["1065-9129","1938-274X","1938-2758"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Political Research Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.6025999784469604,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"},{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5473999977111816,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W219262510","https://openalex.org/W1968282385","https://openalex.org/W1972667389","https://openalex.org/W1978921860","https://openalex.org/W2028699139","https://openalex.org/W2030701036","https://openalex.org/W2040718213","https://openalex.org/W2068387623","https://openalex.org/W2079649097","https://openalex.org/W2090127686","https://openalex.org/W2108891099","https://openalex.org/W2143370470","https://openalex.org/W2158316163","https://openalex.org/W2160942870","https://openalex.org/W2161221403","https://openalex.org/W2322956582","https://openalex.org/W2328316847","https://openalex.org/W2333445120","https://openalex.org/W2798280642","https://openalex.org/W2979934450","https://openalex.org/W4236172564","https://openalex.org/W4238510172","https://openalex.org/W4393001006"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096556655","https://openalex.org/W4388318683","https://openalex.org/W4388318698","https://openalex.org/W2404576657","https://openalex.org/W2037918703","https://openalex.org/W1534001814","https://openalex.org/W2025774993","https://openalex.org/W2980091354","https://openalex.org/W2500430490","https://openalex.org/W1529324088"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Previous":[0],"literature":[1],"documents":[2],"the":[3,7,18,39,67,112,116,129,157,160,163,172,212,268,271,277,292,306,317,321,328,340,369,388,402,409,411,419,433,465,468,507],"steady":[4],"increase":[5],"in":[6,12,21,53,66,94,97,111,171,270,291,308,327,398,464,489],"number":[8,272,341],"of":[9,41,63,107,133,162,208,215,273,295,303,305,320,330,342,390,421,426,473,495,500],"women":[10,46,51,89,134,147,274],"serving":[11,52,93,110,275],"state":[13,47,55,90,135,152,166,338],"legislatures":[14,56,209],"as":[15,17,242,288,492],"well":[16],"lingering":[19],"differences":[20],"demographic":[22],"characteristics":[23,71],"and":[24,29,69,72,100,102,137,198,223,238,256,335,347,488],"policy":[25],"priorities":[26],"between":[27,333],"male":[28,31,108],"fe":[30],"officeholders.":[32],"Yet,":[33],"this":[34,81,309,313],"research":[35],"does":[36],"not":[37,316,431,505],"address":[38],"question":[40],"evo":[42],"lutionary":[43],"change":[44,269,326],"among":[45],"legislators":[48,109],"themselves.":[49],"Are":[50],"contemporary":[54],"different":[57],"from":[58,246],"their":[59,331,391,422,496],"female":[60],"col":[61],"leagues":[62],"previous":[64],"decades":[65],"personal":[68],"political":[70],"legislative":[73],"agendas":[74],"they":[75,395],"bring":[76],"to":[77,126,139,146,150,227,248,284,447,515],"office?":[78],"To":[79],"answer":[80],"question,":[82],"we":[83,364,429,443,503,512],"use":[84],"data":[85],"collected":[86],"on":[87,128,276,298,344,355,375,485],"all":[88,151,205,345,386],"legis":[91],"lators":[92],"15":[95],"states":[96,178,203,307,323,385,416],"1972,":[98],"1982,":[99],"1992":[101],"a":[103,493],"stratified":[104],"random":[105],"sample":[106],"same":[113,117],"chambers":[114],"during":[115,401],"time":[118,403,471],"periods.":[119],"This":[120,477],"two-stage":[121],"analysis":[122,310,456],"allows":[123],"us":[124],"first":[125],"focus":[127],"chang":[130],"ing":[131,484],"profile":[132,161],"legislators;":[136],"secondly,":[138],"consider":[140],"whether":[141],"these":[142,299,361],"changes":[143,286],"are":[144,179,225,240,258,482,513],"unique":[145],"or":[148,439],"common":[149],"legislators.":[153],"The":[154,177,201],"analyses":[155],"confirm":[156],"hypothesis":[158],"that":[159,267,312,368,371,384,394,415,480],"\"typical":[164],"woman":[165],"legislator\"":[167],"has":[168],"changed":[169],"significantly":[170],"last":[173],"three":[174,206],"decades.":[175],"1":[176],"California,":[180,218],"Georgia,":[181,251],"Idaho,":[182,252],"Illinois,":[183,219],"Iowa,":[184,232],"Nevada,":[185,253],"New":[186,220],"Jersey,":[187,221],"Okla":[188,233],"homa,":[189,234],"Oregon,":[190,235],"Pennsylvania,":[191,222],"South":[192,194,236,254],"Carolina,":[193,237],"Dakota,":[195,255],"Vermont,":[196],"Virginia,":[197],"Wisconsin.":[199],"2":[200],"fifteen":[202],"represent":[204],"classifications":[207],"formulated":[210],"by":[211,380],"National":[213],"Council":[214],"State":[216],"Legislatures.":[217],"Wisconsin":[224],"considered":[226,259],"be":[228,282,445],"full-time,":[229],"professional":[230,249],"legislatures.":[231,262],"Virginia":[239],"classified":[241],"transitional":[243],"legislatures,":[244],"moving":[245],"amateur":[247,261],"status.":[250],"Vermont":[257],"part-time,":[260],"3":[263],"Readers":[264],"might":[265],"suggest":[266,479],"\"pres":[278],"tige\"":[279],"committees":[280,332,346,377,392,487],"may":[281],"due":[283],"institutional":[285,381],"such":[287],"an":[289],"expansion":[290],"num":[293],"ber":[294],"seats":[296,343,354],"available":[297,518],"committees.":[300,423],"A":[301],"check":[302],"eight":[304,322],"indicates":[311,457],"is":[314,378,414,462,475],"probably":[315],"case.":[318],"Six":[319],"had":[324],"no":[325],"size":[329,389,420],"1972":[334],"1992.":[336],"One":[337],"decreased":[339],"only":[348],"one":[349],"increased":[350,387,497],"them":[351,449,517],"(adding":[352],"2-3":[353],"some":[356],"com":[357],"mittees).":[358],"Even":[359],"without":[360],"supporting":[362],"data,":[363],"would":[365,417,444,478],"point":[366],"out":[367],"notion":[370],"women's":[372],"increasing":[373],"numbers":[374],"prestige":[376,486],"explained":[379],"forces":[382],"assumes":[383],"(and":[393],"did":[396],"so":[397],"both":[399],"chambers)":[400],"period":[404,472],"under":[405],"study":[406],"Indeed,":[407],"since":[408],"1970s,":[410],"greater":[412],"likelihood":[413],"shrink":[418],"4":[424],"Because":[425,499],"space":[427,501],"limitations,":[428,502],"do":[430,504],"present":[432,506],"regression":[434,508],"models":[435],"for":[436,459],"committee":[437],"assignments":[438],"leadership":[440,490],"positions.":[441],"However,":[442],"happy":[446,514],"make":[448,516],"avail":[450],"able":[451],"upon":[452,519],"request.":[453,520],"5":[454],"Regression":[455],"that,":[458],"men,":[460],"tenure":[461],"significant":[463],"model":[466],"while":[467],"variable":[469],"measuring":[470],"service":[474],"not.":[476],"men":[481],"serv":[483],"positions":[491],"function":[494],"tenure.":[498],"models.":[509],"How":[510],"ever,":[511]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}