{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2043774108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1981.35-45","title":"EFFECTS OF VARIATIONS IN LOCAL REINFORCEMENT RATE ON LOCAL RESPONSE RATE IN VARIABLE INTERVAL SCHEDULES","display_name":"EFFECTS OF VARIATIONS IN LOCAL REINFORCEMENT RATE ON LOCAL RESPONSE RATE IN VARIABLE INTERVAL SCHEDULES","publication_year":1981,"publication_date":"1981-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2043774108","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1981.35-45","mag":"2043774108","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16812199","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1333020"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1901/jeab.1981.35-45","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1981.35-45","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1981.35-45","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1901/jeab.1981.35-45","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168850678","display_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","issn_l":"0022-5002","issn":["0022-5002","1938-3711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1901/jeab.1981.35-45","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029671537","display_name":"Julian C. Leslie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1583-2443","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1583-2443"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Julian C. Leslie","raw_affiliation_strings":["The New University of Ulster"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The New University of Ulster","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029671537"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.8514,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9923436,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"1","first_page":"45","last_page":"53"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.6826000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.6826000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.1151999980211258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.11410000175237656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-interval-schedules","display_name":"variable-interval schedules","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-reinforcement-pause","display_name":"post-reinforcement pause","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-probability","display_name":"reinforcement probability","score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rats","display_name":"rats","score":0.33899998664855957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.9615429639816284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163270606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847079","display_name":"Operant conditioning","level":3,"score":0.4554244875907898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4285017251968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27476930618286133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.21962127089500427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.09919470548629761}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1901/jeab.1981.35-45","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1981.35-45","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1981.35-45","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1901/jeab.1981.35-45","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168850678","display_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","issn_l":"0022-5002","issn":["0022-5002","1938-3711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1333020","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1333020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Exp Anal Behav","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:16812199","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16812199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1901/jeab.1981.35-45","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1981.35-45","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1981.35-45","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1901/jeab.1981.35-45","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168850678","display_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","issn_l":"0022-5002","issn":["0022-5002","1938-3711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2043774108.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2043774108.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W279210805","https://openalex.org/W1964816982","https://openalex.org/W1967542659","https://openalex.org/W1977698557","https://openalex.org/W1982006712","https://openalex.org/W1986685554","https://openalex.org/W2010834973","https://openalex.org/W2036949231","https://openalex.org/W2135886642","https://openalex.org/W2139420917","https://openalex.org/W2745567138"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6903652902","https://openalex.org/W1986685554","https://openalex.org/W2129880632","https://openalex.org/W1988564293","https://openalex.org/W2073108362","https://openalex.org/W2089234422","https://openalex.org/W2105384401","https://openalex.org/W1978448408","https://openalex.org/W2007973205","https://openalex.org/W2082864443"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rats":[0],"trained":[1],"to":[2,9],"lever":[3],"press":[4],"for":[5,47],"sucrose":[6],"were":[7,156],"exposed":[8],"variable-interval":[10],"schedules":[11,76,95,123],"in":[12,19,32,84,111,166],"which":[13],"(i)":[14],"the":[15,28,33,43,54,63,112,167,181,188,197],"probability":[16,29,44,55,64],"of":[17,22,183,190,199,219,221],"reinforcement":[18,38,80,92,97,128,139,145,161,171,218],"each":[20],"unit":[21],"time":[23,58,72,101,143,175],"was":[24,30,45,65,102,118,163,177,193,208],"a":[25,125],"constant,":[26],"(ii)":[27],"high":[31,51,105],"first":[34],"ten":[35,48,168],"seconds":[36,49,90,169],"after":[37,91,170],"and":[39,50,68,108,132,147,187,224],"low":[40,46,165],"thereafter,":[41,52],"(iii)":[42],"(iv)":[53],"increased":[56,70,135,141],"with":[57,71,124,142,180,196],"since":[59,73,144],"reinforcement,":[60],"or":[61,104],"(v)":[62],"initially":[66],"zero":[67],"then":[69],"reinforcement.":[74],"All":[75],"generated":[77],"similar":[78],"overall":[79],"rates.":[81],"A":[82],"peak":[83],"local":[85,115,127,138,160],"response":[86,116],"rate":[87,98,117,129,140,162],"occurred":[88,151],"several":[89],"under":[93,121],"those":[94,122],"where":[96],"at":[99],"this":[100],"moderate":[103],"([i],":[106,130],"[ii],":[107,131],"[iv]).":[109],"Later":[110],"inter-reinforcement":[113],"interval,":[114],"roughly":[119],"constant":[120,126],"[iii]),":[133],"but":[134,155],"steadily":[136],"when":[137,159],"([iv]":[146],"[v]).":[148],"Postreinforcement":[149],"pauses":[150,192,202],"on":[152,203],"all":[153],"schedules,":[154],"much":[157],"longer":[158],"very":[164],"([iii]).":[172],"The":[173],"interresponse":[174,185,222],"distribution":[176,182,189,198],"highly":[178,194],"correlated":[179,195],"reinforced":[184,200],"times,":[186],"postreinforcement":[191,201],"some":[204],"schedules.":[205],"However,":[206],"there":[207],"no":[209],"direct":[210],"evidence":[211],"that":[212],"these":[213],"correlations":[214],"resulted":[215],"from":[216],"selective":[217],"classes":[220],"times":[223],"pauses.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}