{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2043745299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.102923","title":"Vertical-cavity surface-emitting InGaAs/GaAs lasers with planar lateral definition","display_name":"Vertical-cavity surface-emitting InGaAs/GaAs lasers with planar lateral definition","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2043745299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.102923","mag":"2043745299"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.102923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.102923","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.102923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105243760","display_name":"Applied Physics Letters","issn_l":"0003-6951","issn":["0003-6951","1077-3118","1520-8842"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Physics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041461366","display_name":"Meir Orenstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1644-4365","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1644-4365"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Orenstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bellcore, 331 Newman Springs Road, Red Bank, New Jersey 07701"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bellcore, 331 Newman Springs Road, Red Bank, New Jersey 07701","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045913721","display_name":"Ann C. Von Lehmen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. C. Von Lehmen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bellcore, 331 Newman Springs Road, Red Bank, New Jersey 07701"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bellcore, 331 Newman Springs Road, Red Bank, New Jersey 07701","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056639961","display_name":"Connie J. Chang-Hasnain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5341-6267","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5341-6267"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Chang-Hasnain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bellcore, 331 Newman Springs Road, Red Bank, New Jersey 07701"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bellcore, 331 Newman Springs Road, Red Bank, New Jersey 07701","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028387359","display_name":"N. G. Stoffel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. G. Stoffel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bellcore, 331 Newman Springs Road, Red Bank, New Jersey 07701"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bellcore, 331 Newman Springs Road, Red Bank, New Jersey 07701","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021379621","display_name":"James P. Harbison","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. P. Harbison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bellcore, 331 Newman Springs Road, Red Bank, New Jersey 07701"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bellcore, 331 Newman Springs Road, Red Bank, New Jersey 07701","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113526258","display_name":"Leigh T. Florez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. T. Florez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bellcore, 331 Newman Springs Road, Red Bank, New Jersey 07701"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bellcore, 331 Newman Springs Road, Red Bank, New Jersey 07701","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004458301","display_name":"E. M. Clausen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Clausen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bellcore, 331 Newman Springs Road, Red Bank, New Jersey 07701"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bellcore, 331 Newman Springs Road, Red Bank, New Jersey 07701","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037450921","display_name":"Jack L. Jewell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8991-2599","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8991-2599"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. E. Jewell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bellcore, 331 Newman Springs Road, Red Bank, New Jersey 07701"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bellcore, 331 Newman Springs Road, Red Bank, New Jersey 07701","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.0368,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99412903,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"24","first_page":"2384","last_page":"2386"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":0.007499999832361937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertical-cavity-surface-emitting-lasers","display_name":"vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ingaas-gaas-lasers","display_name":"InGaAs/GaAs lasers","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strained-quantum-wells","display_name":"strained quantum wells","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-threshold-current-density","display_name":"low threshold current density","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-laser-operation","display_name":"continuous-wave operation","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-scale-integration","display_name":"large-scale integration","score":0.597000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.8080052137374878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.7199538946151733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68260962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7200967","display_name":"Planarity testing","level":2,"score":0.7199258208274841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6536288261413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29169072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521166","display_name":"Quantum well","level":3,"score":0.645657479763031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134786449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391255","display_name":"Planar","level":2,"score":0.6343048810958862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510052550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422819","display_name":"Gallium arsenide","level":2,"score":0.6100274920463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121477167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17154002","display_name":"Semiconductor laser theory","level":3,"score":0.4952620565891266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.46887636184692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.45006927847862244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2469278872013092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.13443300127983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1277570128440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.11929765343666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.05815038084983826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.05502510070800781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.102923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.102923","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.102923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105243760","display_name":"Applied Physics Letters","issn_l":"0003-6951","issn":["0003-6951","1077-3118","1520-8842"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Physics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989856573","https://openalex.org/W2013286222","https://openalex.org/W2018328694","https://openalex.org/W2024901226","https://openalex.org/W2077031761","https://openalex.org/W2157591401"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4321273210","https://openalex.org/W2317353427","https://openalex.org/W2105305009","https://openalex.org/W1590450356","https://openalex.org/W2067703796","https://openalex.org/W7039107534","https://openalex.org/W2044431209","https://openalex.org/W2463091309","https://openalex.org/W1969185005","https://openalex.org/W1964690712"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,14],"planarity":[1],"preserving":[2],"method":[3,52],"for":[4],"the":[5],"definition":[6],"of":[7,44,56],"vertical-cavity":[8],"surface-emitting":[9],"lasers":[10,24,37],"(VC-SEL)":[11],"is":[12],"described.":[13],"strained-layer":[15],"InGaAs":[16],"quantum":[17],"well":[18],"VC-SEL":[19,57],"structure":[20],"was":[21],"grown":[22],"and":[23,47],"were":[25],"laterally":[26],"defined":[27],"using":[28],"a":[29],"tailored":[30],"deep":[31],"proton":[32],"implantation":[33],"process.":[34],"In":[35],"these":[36],"we":[38],"obtained":[39],"low":[40],"threshold":[41],"current":[42],"densities":[43],"1000":[45],"A/cm2":[46],"efficient":[48],"cw":[49],"operation.":[50],"This":[51],"facilitates":[53],"large-scale":[54],"integration":[55],"devices.":[58]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
