{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2043700138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csics.2006.319911","title":"Coplanar 94 GHz Metamorphic HEMT Low Noise Amplifiers","display_name":"Coplanar 94 GHz Metamorphic HEMT Low Noise Amplifiers","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2043700138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csics.2006.319911","mag":"2043700138"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/csics.2006.319911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csics.2006.319911","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csics.2006.319911","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210237450","display_name":"Technical digest -- IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium","issn_l":"1550-8781","issn":["1550-8781","2374-8443"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2006 IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111741338","display_name":"Mikko K\u00e4rkk\u00e4inen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikko Karkkainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Millimetre Wave Laboratory of Finland - MilliLab, Electronic Circuit Design Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Millimetre Wave Laboratory of Finland - MilliLab, Electronic Circuit Design Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003332048","display_name":"Mikko Varonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6515-5092","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6515-5092"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikko Varonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Millimetre Wave Laboratory of Finland - MilliLab, Electronic Circuit Design Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Millimetre Wave Laboratory of Finland - MilliLab, Electronic Circuit Design Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066316803","display_name":"Kari A. I. Halonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4385-9689","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4385-9689"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kari A. I. Halonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Millimetre Wave Laboratory of Finland - MilliLab, Electronic Circuit Design Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Millimetre Wave Laboratory of Finland - MilliLab, Electronic Circuit Design Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031719665","display_name":"Mikko Kantanen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6721-7506","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6721-7506"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikko Kantanen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Millimetre Wave Laboratory of Finland - MilliLab, VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Millimetre Wave Laboratory of Finland - MilliLab, VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014422422","display_name":"T. Karttaavi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timo Karttaavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Millimetre Wave Laboratory of Finland - MilliLab, VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Millimetre Wave Laboratory of Finland - MilliLab, VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102292170","display_name":"Rainer Weber","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090068","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0083ncs46","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090068","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rainer Weber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid-State Physics (IAF), Freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid-State Physics (IAF), Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090068"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001498592","display_name":"Arnulf Leuther","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4369-591X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4369-591X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090068","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0083ncs46","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090068","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arnulf Leuther","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid-State Physics (IAF), Freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid-State Physics (IAF), Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090068"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041367732","display_name":"M. Seelmann\u2010Eggebert","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090068","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0083ncs46","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090068","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Seelmann-Eggebert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid-State Physics (IAF), Freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid-State Physics (IAF), Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090068"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048309639","display_name":"Tapani N\u00e4rhi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44377176","display_name":"European Space Research and Technology Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03h3jqn23","country_code":"NL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801994115","https://openalex.org/I44377176"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tapani Narhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["ESA-ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESA-ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44377176"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14839864,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"29","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-noise-amplifier","display_name":"low noise amplifier","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metamorphic-high-electron-mobility-transistor","display_name":"metamorphic high electron mobility transistor","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coplanar-waveguide","display_name":"coplanar waveguide","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/94-ghz","display_name":"94 GHz","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/w-band","display_name":"W-band","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-profiling-radar","display_name":"Cloud Profiling Radar","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-figure","display_name":"noise figure","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gain","display_name":"gain","score":0.49900001287460327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162057924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1617706","display_name":"High-electron-mobility transistor","level":4,"score":0.7654110193252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.7390159368515015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.6204736232757568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3736036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15525941","display_name":"Coplanar waveguide","level":3,"score":0.6180035471916199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112806910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746825","display_name":"Noise figure","level":4,"score":0.5060786604881287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4814559817314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.47973576188087463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170523978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834316","display_name":"Transistor array","level":4,"score":0.4368981719017029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.43383505940437317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4271124601364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4099031984806061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.26806703209877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24193894863128662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.2387140989303589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1873544156551361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.15916305780410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/csics.2006.319911","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csics.2006.319911","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/csics.2006.319911","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210237450","display_name":"Technical digest -- IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium","issn_l":"1550-8781","issn":["1550-8781","2374-8443"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2006 IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-50723","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-50723.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400801","display_name":"Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer IAF","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/352051","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/352051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W90235684","https://openalex.org/W1600548285","https://openalex.org/W1824302017","https://openalex.org/W1887015885","https://openalex.org/W1906986766","https://openalex.org/W2098151561","https://openalex.org/W2112722116","https://openalex.org/W2115577999","https://openalex.org/W2121562883","https://openalex.org/W2150153158","https://openalex.org/W2158407577","https://openalex.org/W6635766715","https://openalex.org/W6682005838"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1600571888","https://openalex.org/W2126304224","https://openalex.org/W1498863636","https://openalex.org/W2098151561","https://openalex.org/W2404056766","https://openalex.org/W1583324159","https://openalex.org/W1528357612","https://openalex.org/W1518610967","https://openalex.org/W7020711434","https://openalex.org/W2023575859"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"report":[1],"four":[2],"low":[3],"noise":[4,59,85],"amplifiers":[5,63],"for":[6],"a":[7,25,90,96],"94":[8,77],"GHz":[9,78],"cloud":[10],"profiling":[11],"radar.":[12],"The":[13,33,45,54,73],"LNAs":[14],"are":[15,36,71],"designed":[16],"using":[17,89],"coplanar":[18],"waveguides":[19],"and":[20,57,68,82,95],"they":[21],"were":[22,64],"manufactured":[23],"with":[24],"100-nm":[26],"metamorphic":[27],"high":[28],"electron":[29],"mobility":[30],"transistor":[31,50],"technology.":[32],"chip":[34],"sizes":[35],"2.00":[37],"\u00d7":[38,42],"1.00":[39,43],"mm2and":[40],"2.25":[41],"mm2.":[44],"gate":[46],"width":[47],"of":[48,61,99],"the":[49,58,62,69,83],"is":[51],"4\u00d715":[52],"\u03bcm.":[53],"scattering":[55],"parameters":[56],"figures":[60],"measured":[65,74,84],"at":[66,76],"W-band":[67],"results":[70],"presented.":[72],"gain":[75],"was":[79],"17-23":[80],"dB":[81,88],"figure":[86],"3.0-3.3":[87],"0.8":[91],"V":[92],"drain-to-source":[93],"voltage":[94],"drain":[97],"current":[98],"8-16":[100],"mA":[101],"per":[102],"stage.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
