{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2043673032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2083644","title":"Pyro-paraelectricity: a new effect in hetergeneous material architectures","display_name":"Pyro-paraelectricity: a new effect in hetergeneous material architectures","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2043673032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2083644","mag":"2043673032"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2083644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2083644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2083644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001065563","display_name":"Huai-An Chin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huai-An Chin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University UNITED STATES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University UNITED STATES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077905471","display_name":"Sheng Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9468-5095","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9468-5095","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6339-4195","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3764-0525"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania UNITED STATES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania UNITED STATES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004965508","display_name":"Bhadri Visweswaran","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhadrinarayana L. Visweswaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University UNITED STATES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University UNITED STATES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043425118","display_name":"Kwaku K. Ohemeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7289-9655","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7289-9655"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwaku K. Ohemeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University UNITED STATES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University UNITED STATES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032133587","display_name":"S. Wagner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3222-4071","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3222-4071"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sigurd Wagner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University UNITED STATES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University UNITED STATES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044032256","display_name":"Prashant K. Purohit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1939-907X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1939-907X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prashant K. Purohit","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania UNITED STATES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania UNITED STATES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036242738","display_name":"Michael C. McAlpine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7869-7598","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7869-7598"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael C. McAlpine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University UNITED STATES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University UNITED STATES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3828,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77834164,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"9439","issue":null,"first_page":"94390E","last_page":"94390E"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10107","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials","score":0.6499000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10107","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials","score":0.6499000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10886","display_name":"Multiferroics and related materials","score":0.1835000067949295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.03060000017285347,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexoelectricity","display_name":"flexoelectricity","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice-mismatch","display_name":"lattice mismatch","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strain-gradient","display_name":"strain gradient","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barium-strontium-titanate","display_name":"barium strontium titanate","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric-constant","display_name":"dielectric constant","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seebeck-effect","display_name":"Seebeck effect","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyroelectric-effect","display_name":"pyroelectric effect","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-separation","display_name":"charge separation","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-dependent-polarization","display_name":"temperature-dependent polarization","score":0.49000000953674316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8402402997016907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.7554515600204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168651791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211569","display_name":"Permittivity","level":3,"score":0.5993903279304504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779159579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415484","display_name":"Barium titanate","level":3,"score":0.533964216709137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.5244075059890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79794668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1616270","display_name":"Heterojunction","level":2,"score":0.5028764605522156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.4775084853172302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16317505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132013","display_name":"High-\u03ba dielectric","level":3,"score":0.44879332184791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99942733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050425","display_name":"Polarization density","level":4,"score":0.44648435711860657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132612359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625641","display_name":"Lattice constant","level":3,"score":0.4331924021244049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.38048669695854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207114421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900","display_name":"Diffraction","level":2,"score":0.32098448276519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.26170483231544495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32546565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711","display_name":"Magnetization","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2083644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2083644","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2083644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5690000057220459}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515137979","https://openalex.org/W1557216238","https://openalex.org/W1562151830","https://openalex.org/W1973371317","https://openalex.org/W1987803830","https://openalex.org/W1989604748","https://openalex.org/W1990311671","https://openalex.org/W1997242069","https://openalex.org/W2009609643","https://openalex.org/W2018086951","https://openalex.org/W2021395196","https://openalex.org/W2028285928","https://openalex.org/W2032018678","https://openalex.org/W2033524260","https://openalex.org/W2033607182","https://openalex.org/W2035760025","https://openalex.org/W2038072162","https://openalex.org/W2038511975","https://openalex.org/W2042056247","https://openalex.org/W2043935099","https://openalex.org/W2044306396","https://openalex.org/W2049770669","https://openalex.org/W2053645835","https://openalex.org/W2068956788","https://openalex.org/W2070093297","https://openalex.org/W2071999545","https://openalex.org/W2073050705","https://openalex.org/W2074869505","https://openalex.org/W2075223993","https://openalex.org/W2076218685","https://openalex.org/W2078245023","https://openalex.org/W2078248053","https://openalex.org/W2081996275","https://openalex.org/W2090212251","https://openalex.org/W2090383103","https://openalex.org/W2097978134","https://openalex.org/W2107707357","https://openalex.org/W2116156895","https://openalex.org/W2116851027","https://openalex.org/W2120977559","https://openalex.org/W2127501930","https://openalex.org/W2146855404","https://openalex.org/W2147861595","https://openalex.org/W2151263439","https://openalex.org/W2164385251","https://openalex.org/W4230628908","https://openalex.org/W4242680184","https://openalex.org/W4251264148","https://openalex.org/W4388959363"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4242680184","https://openalex.org/W2791295310","https://openalex.org/W4406267833","https://openalex.org/W2903508755","https://openalex.org/W2764026615","https://openalex.org/W2340241910","https://openalex.org/W2048920000","https://openalex.org/W7125708248","https://openalex.org/W2067351611","https://openalex.org/W7161691060"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,154,212],"electrical":[1,183],"responses":[2],"of":[3,19,38,104,116,216,227,230,280],"materials":[4,40,124],"and":[5,16,43,54,157],"devices":[6],"subjected":[7,172],"to":[8,93,145,150,173,233,259,268],"thermal":[9,59,175,247,261],"inputs,":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12,204],"the":[13,36,85,94,102,105,139,151,159,179,205,234,249,260,272,278],"Seebeck":[14],"effect":[15],"pyroelectricity,":[17],"are":[18,30],"great":[20],"interest":[21,29],"in":[22,35,46,122,138,148,178,208],"thermal-electric":[23,47],"energy":[24],"conversion":[25],"applications.":[26],"Of":[27],"particular":[28],"phenomena":[31],"which":[32,66,255],"exploit":[33],"heterogeneities":[34],"mechanics":[37],"heterostructured":[39],"for":[41,57,285],"novel":[42],"unexplored":[44],"mechanisms":[45],"conversion.":[48,287],"Here":[49],"we":[50,67],"introduce":[51],"a":[52,72,78,81,98,146,166,174,191,195,209,282],"new":[53],"universal":[55],"mechanism":[56,188,284],"converting":[58],"stimuli":[60],"into":[61],"electricity":[62],"via":[63,142],"structural":[64,235],"heterogeneities,":[65],"term":[68],"\u201cpyro-paraelectricity.\u201d":[69],"Specifically,":[70],"when":[71,165],"paraelectric":[73,86,140],"material":[74],"is":[75,136,171],"grown":[76],"on":[77],"substrate":[79],"with":[80,162,194,271],"different":[82],"lattice":[83,95],"constant,":[84,156],"layer":[87,106,141,207],"experiences":[88],"an":[89,182,225,240,245],"inhomogeneous":[90],"strain":[91,99,110,120,214],"due":[92,232],"mismatch,":[96],"establishing":[97],"gradient":[100,111,215],"along":[101],"axis":[103],"thickness.":[107],"This":[108],"induced":[109,137],"can":[112],"be":[113,269],"multiple":[114],"orders":[115,229],"magnitude":[117,231],"higher":[118],"than":[119,218],"gradients":[121],"bulk":[123],"imparted":[125],"by":[126,189,239],"mechanical":[127],"bending":[128],"(0.1":[129],"m":[130,222],"-1":[131,223],").":[132],"Consequently,":[133],"charge":[134],"separation":[135],"flexoelectricity,":[143],"leading":[144],"polarization":[147],"proportion":[149],"dielectric":[152,155],"constant.":[153],"thus":[158],"polarization,":[160],"changes":[161,177],"temperature.":[163],"Therefore,":[164],"strained":[167,250],"metal-insulator-metal":[168],"(MIM)":[169],"heterostructure":[170,193,252],"input,":[176,248],"permittivity":[180,197],"generate":[181],"response.":[184],"We":[185],"demonstrate":[186,277],"this":[187],"employing":[190],"MIM":[192,251],"high":[196],"sputtered":[198],"barium":[199],"strontium":[200],"titanate":[201],"(BST)":[202],"film":[203],"insulating":[206],"platinum":[210],"sandwich.":[211],"resulting":[213],"more":[217],"10":[219],"4":[220],",":[224],"enhancement":[226],"five":[228],"heterogeneity,":[236],"was":[237,256,266],"verified":[238],"X-ray":[241],"diffraction":[242],"scan.":[243],"With":[244],"applied":[246],"generated":[253],"current":[254],"highly":[257],"correlated":[258],"input.":[262],"A":[263],"theoretical":[264],"model":[265],"found":[267],"consistent":[270],"experimental":[273],"data.":[274],"These":[275],"results":[276],"existence":[279],"\u201cpyro-paraelectricity,\u201d":[281],"flexoelectricity-mediated":[283],"thermal-electrical":[286]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
