{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2043242576","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2015.03.015","title":"The Quaternary System/Period and its major subdivisions","display_name":"The Quaternary System/Period and its major subdivisions","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2043242576","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2015.03.015","mag":"2043242576"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.rgg.2015.03.015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2015.03.015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2015.03.015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124442846","display_name":"Russian Geology and Geophysics","issn_l":"1068-7971","issn":["1068-7971","1878-030X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Russian Geology and Geophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113611463","display_name":"P.L. Gibbard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P.L. Gibbard","raw_affiliation_strings":["a President, INQUA-SACCOM, and Past-chair, ICS Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy President, INQUA-SACCOM, and Past-chair, ICS Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy","b Cambridge Quaternary, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EN, England, UK Cambridge Quaternary, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EN England UK","Cambridge Quaternary, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EN, England, UK Cambridge Quaternary, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EN England UK","President, INQUA-SACCOM, and Past-chair, ICS Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy President, INQUA-SACCOM, and Past-chair, ICS Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a President, INQUA-SACCOM, and Past-chair, ICS Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy President, INQUA-SACCOM, and Past-chair, ICS Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"b Cambridge Quaternary, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EN, England, UK Cambridge Quaternary, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EN England UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cambridge Quaternary, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EN, England, UK Cambridge Quaternary, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EN England UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"President, INQUA-SACCOM, and Past-chair, ICS Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy President, INQUA-SACCOM, and Past-chair, ICS Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113611463"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2768,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.784213,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"4","first_page":"686","last_page":"688"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10017","display_name":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10017","display_name":"Geology and Paleoclimatology Research","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10965","display_name":"Geological formations and processes","score":0.009600000455975533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10109","display_name":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","score":0.009600000455975533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quaternary-system","display_name":"quaternary systems","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quaternary","display_name":"Quaternary","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronostratigraphy","display_name":"chronostratigraphy","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pleistocene","display_name":"Pleistocene","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/holocene","display_name":"Holocene","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gelasian","display_name":"Gelasian","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calabrian","display_name":"Calabrian","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-pleistocene","display_name":"Middle Pleistocene","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/late-pleistocene","display_name":"Late Pleistocene","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthropocene","display_name":"Anthropocene","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stratigraphic-subdivision","display_name":"stratigraphic division","score":0.5799999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53570757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25546","display_name":"Pleistocene","level":2,"score":0.8824750185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160464908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26185","display_name":"Quaternary","level":2,"score":0.8794164657592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140345934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25445","display_name":"Holocene","level":2,"score":0.8748204708099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.7335003018379211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143392562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q449111","display_name":"Subdivision","level":2,"score":0.7325949668884277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781291010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580","display_name":"Period (music)","level":2,"score":0.6982645392417908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.5926539301872253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128370203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26841","display_name":"Anthropocene","level":2,"score":0.5187202095985413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.42784255743026733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.3370358347892761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18735632300376892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.rgg.2015.03.015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2015.03.015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2015.03.015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124442846","display_name":"Russian Geology and Geophysics","issn_l":"1068-7971","issn":["1068-7971","1878-030X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Russian Geology and Geophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W100108717","https://openalex.org/W975540935","https://openalex.org/W2063685813","https://openalex.org/W2112882763","https://openalex.org/W2113660406","https://openalex.org/W2120348339","https://openalex.org/W2146606280","https://openalex.org/W2186245337","https://openalex.org/W2186749558","https://openalex.org/W6801800544"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2243706110","https://openalex.org/W2172334205","https://openalex.org/W2945770108","https://openalex.org/W4391378382","https://openalex.org/W3095083680","https://openalex.org/W4211038674","https://openalex.org/W3172667905","https://openalex.org/W2065495575","https://openalex.org/W4386043717","https://openalex.org/W2917217934"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,36,66],"Quaternary":[2],"System/Period":[3],"represents":[4],"the":[5,15,21,24,41,43,49,62,84,87,91,98],"past":[6],"2.58":[7,46],"million":[8],"years":[9,32],"and":[10,17,48,58,68,93],"is":[11],"officially":[12,56],"subdivided":[13],"into":[14],"Pleistocene":[16,64,70],"Holocene":[18,25],"series/epochs,":[19],"with":[20,83],"base":[22],"of":[23,29,40,86,90],"assigned":[26],"an":[27,78],"age":[28],"11,700":[30],"calendar":[31],"before":[33],"AD":[34],"2000.":[35],"two":[37],"lowest":[38],"stages":[39],"Pleistocene,":[42],"Gelasian":[44],"(base":[45,51],"Ma)":[47],"Calabrian":[50],"1.80":[52],"Ma),":[53],"have":[54,71],"been":[55],"defined":[57],"these":[59],"effectively":[60],"constitute":[61],"Lower":[63],"Subseries/Subepoch.":[65],"Middle":[67],"Upper":[69],"yet":[72],"to":[73],"be":[74],"formally":[75],"defined,":[76],"representing":[77],"important":[79],"future":[80],"challenge,":[81],"along":[82],"subdivision":[85,95],"Holocene,":[88],"consideration":[89],"\u2018Anthropocene\u2019,":[92],"fine-scale":[94],"elsewhere":[96],"within":[97],"Quaternary.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
