{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2043178367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/026988119701100209","title":"Noradrenergic mechanisms in the prefrontal cortex","display_name":"Noradrenergic mechanisms in the prefrontal cortex","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2043178367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/026988119701100209","mag":"2043178367","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9208379"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/026988119701100209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/026988119701100209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/026988119701100209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136368880","display_name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","issn_l":"0269-8811","issn":["0269-8811","1461-7285"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016082897","display_name":"David Nutt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-1401","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-1401"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.J. Nutt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychopharmacology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychopharmacology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109983586","display_name":"Maggie D. Lalies","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.D. Lalies","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychopharmacology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychopharmacology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007976560","display_name":"Lisa A. Lione","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6694-6956","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6694-6956"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L.A. Lione","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychopharmacology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychopharmacology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028454763","display_name":"Alan L. Hudson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1105-7646","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1105-7646"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.L. Hudson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychopharmacology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychopharmacology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"apc_list":{"value":4400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7177,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56648936,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"163","last_page":"168"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.9375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.9375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.0494999997317791,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norepinephrine","display_name":"norepinephrine","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prefrontal-cortex","display_name":"prefrontal cortex","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noradrenergic-transmission","display_name":"noradrenergic neurotransmission","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noradrenaline-release","display_name":"noradrenaline release","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antidepressants","display_name":"antidepressants","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antipsychotic-drugs","display_name":"antipsychotic drugs","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atypical-antipsychotics","display_name":"atypical antipsychotics","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clozapine","display_name":"clozapine","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risperidone","display_name":"risperidone","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imidazoline-receptors","display_name":"imidazoline receptors","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-microdialysis","display_name":"cerebral microdialysis","score":0.8690000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18680","display_name":"Prefrontal cortex","level":3,"score":0.757074236869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50156730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3856966","display_name":"Microdialysis","level":3,"score":0.7543171644210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.6290115714073181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780864610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221361","display_name":"Clozapine","level":3,"score":0.6238849759101868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123605464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1659850","display_name":"Imidazoline receptor","level":2,"score":0.5681502223014832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4871618449687958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780494398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208144","display_name":"Antipsychotic","level":3,"score":0.48104265332221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780057945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412443","display_name":"Risperidone","level":3,"score":0.4565872251987457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776921671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q758295","display_name":"Atypical antipsychotic","level":4,"score":0.4492168426513672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779177272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76560","display_name":"Antidepressant","level":3,"score":0.44793379306793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513476851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170304","display_name":"Dopamine","level":2,"score":0.42547959089279175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431605","display_name":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.4051993489265442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.3295019268989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.32599329948425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.21856120228767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781161787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48360","display_name":"Hippocampus","level":2,"score":0.15712612867355347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.10083809494972229}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000928","descriptor_name":"Antidepressive Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001931","descriptor_name":"Brain Mapping","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009435","descriptor_name":"Synaptic Transmission","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009435","descriptor_name":"Synaptic Transmission","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009638","descriptor_name":"Norepinephrine","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011955","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Drug","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011955","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Drug","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014150","descriptor_name":"Antipsychotic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017397","descriptor_name":"Prefrontal Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017397","descriptor_name":"Prefrontal Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054755","descriptor_name":"Imidazoline Receptors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/026988119701100209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/026988119701100209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/026988119701100209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136368880","display_name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","issn_l":"0269-8811","issn":["0269-8811","1461-7285"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Psychopharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9208379","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9208379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uhra.herts.ac.uk:2299/10958","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2299/10958","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400241","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","host_organization_name":"University of Hertfordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518262754","https://openalex.org/W1966531458","https://openalex.org/W1968651495","https://openalex.org/W1988378237","https://openalex.org/W1994261731","https://openalex.org/W1996180426","https://openalex.org/W2010663073","https://openalex.org/W2030451134","https://openalex.org/W2045796438","https://openalex.org/W2047022809","https://openalex.org/W2048128191","https://openalex.org/W2050278973","https://openalex.org/W2060927932","https://openalex.org/W2069553305","https://openalex.org/W2079658013","https://openalex.org/W2083505687","https://openalex.org/W2086687352","https://openalex.org/W2088879645","https://openalex.org/W2091247145","https://openalex.org/W2092377028","https://openalex.org/W2093900681","https://openalex.org/W2132194608","https://openalex.org/W2154941518","https://openalex.org/W2167935378","https://openalex.org/W2246468367","https://openalex.org/W4236342216"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7047933142","https://openalex.org/W2900664957","https://openalex.org/W1524563580","https://openalex.org/W2048207116","https://openalex.org/W4321428484","https://openalex.org/W4230258686","https://openalex.org/W2234486753","https://openalex.org/W2015310163","https://openalex.org/W2136218671","https://openalex.org/W2149734448"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1,76,90,110],"growing":[2],"evidence":[3],"that":[4,57],"noradrenergic":[5],"inputs":[6],"to":[7,36,72,96],"the":[8,23,102],"prefrontal":[9],"cortex":[10],"(PFC)":[11],"play":[12],"an":[13],"important":[14],"role":[15],"in":[16,30,101],"regulating":[17],"its":[18],"function.":[19],"This":[20],"paper":[21],"reviews":[22],"pharmacological":[24],"control":[25],"of":[26,82],"noradrenaline":[27],"(NA)":[28],"release":[29,75],"this":[31],"region,":[32],"with":[33],"particular":[34],"reference":[35],"our":[37],"studies":[38],"using":[39],"brain":[40],"microdialysis,":[41],"and":[42,52,63],"also":[43],"describes":[44],"how":[45],"NA":[46,74,100],"levels":[47],"are":[48,94],"modulated":[49],"by":[50,69],"antidepressant":[51],"antipsychotic":[53],"drugs.":[54],"The":[55],"suggestion":[56],"atypical":[58],"antipsychotics":[59],"such":[60],"as":[61,107],"clozapine":[62],"risperidone":[64],"may":[65],"produce":[66],"clinical":[67,108],"benefits":[68],"their":[70],"ability":[71],"increase":[73,98],"discussed.":[77,111],"Finally,":[78],"a":[79],"new":[80],"class":[81],"drugs,":[83],"which":[84],"show":[85],"selectivity":[86],"for":[87],"imidazoline":[88],"receptors":[89],"described.":[91],"These":[92],"compounds":[93],"shown":[95],"similarly":[97],"extracellular":[99],"PFC.":[103],"Their":[104],"potential":[105],"utility":[106],"treatments":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}