{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2042834734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6727(97)00002-5","title":"Laser-induced breakdown in aqueous media","display_name":"Laser-induced breakdown in aqueous media","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2042834734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6727(97)00002-5","mag":"2042834734"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0079-6727(97)00002-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6727(97)00002-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6727(97)00002-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83014014","display_name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","issn_l":"0079-6727","issn":["0079-6727","1873-1627"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-3","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112055207","display_name":"Paul K. Kennedy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482720","display_name":"Armstrong Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/046ygx235","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4388482720","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul K. Kennedy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optical Radiation Division, Armstrong Laboratory, Brooks AFB, Texas 78235, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optical Radiation Division, Armstrong Laboratory, Brooks AFB, Texas 78235, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388482720"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088682222","display_name":"Daniel X. Hammer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0532-1914","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0532-1914"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel X. Hammer","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013386466","display_name":"Benjamin A. Rockwell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3388-3065","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3388-3065"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482720","display_name":"Armstrong Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/046ygx235","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4388482720","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin A. Rockwell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optical Radiation Division, Armstrong Laboratory, Brooks AFB, Texas 78235, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optical Radiation Division, Armstrong Laboratory, Brooks AFB, Texas 78235, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388482720"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4090},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.6368,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":332,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9663505,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":"155","last_page":"248"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10732","display_name":"Laser Material Processing Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10732","display_name":"Laser Material Processing Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13232","display_name":"Laser-Ablation Synthesis of Nanoparticles","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10566","display_name":"Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/femtosecond-laser-ablation-in-liquid","display_name":"femtosecond laser ablation in liquid","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bubble-lifetime","display_name":"bubble lifetime","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethanol-additive","display_name":"ethanol additive","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wettability","display_name":"wettability","score":0.9369999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207057113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201666","display_name":"Cavitation","level":2,"score":0.8644522428512573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7887834310531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24908513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2917212","display_name":"Shadowgraph","level":2,"score":0.7323449850082397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.6798995137214661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.6733222007751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160671074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267131","display_name":"Wafer","level":2,"score":0.6047343015670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167735695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1777507","display_name":"Femtosecond","level":3,"score":0.5230066180229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.49033069610595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544956773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670","display_name":"Silicon","level":2,"score":0.42122119665145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.26998692750930786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.22404685616493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0079-6727(97)00002-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6727(97)00002-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6727(97)00002-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83014014","display_name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","issn_l":"0079-6727","issn":["0079-6727","1873-1627"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-3","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:3179048951","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/80009920145","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":262,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13367965","https://openalex.org/W51737840","https://openalex.org/W94318354","https://openalex.org/W100292710","https://openalex.org/W103562227","https://openalex.org/W151754606","https://openalex.org/W154988165","https://openalex.org/W163442158","https://openalex.org/W183495657","https://openalex.org/W241703302","https://openalex.org/W278647402","https://openalex.org/W635344873","https://openalex.org/W1413687900","https://openalex.org/W1508450729","https://openalex.org/W1510767923","https://openalex.org/W1562761874","https://openalex.org/W1590612384","https://openalex.org/W1599152031","https://openalex.org/W1665055426","https://openalex.org/W1697944177","https://openalex.org/W1843805709","https://openalex.org/W1964120283","https://openalex.org/W1964857523","https://openalex.org/W1965096538","https://openalex.org/W1965208362","https://openalex.org/W1965905978","https://openalex.org/W1967876396","https://openalex.org/W1968101555","https://openalex.org/W1968374762","https://openalex.org/W1969954026","https://openalex.org/W1971014323","https://openalex.org/W1971657998","https://openalex.org/W1972888973","https://openalex.org/W1974095953","https://openalex.org/W1974691759","https://openalex.org/W1974895051","https://openalex.org/W1975858936","https://openalex.org/W1976028698","https://openalex.org/W1977662351","https://openalex.org/W1978139054","https://openalex.org/W1978467313","https://openalex.org/W1979775940","https://openalex.org/W1979784336","https://openalex.org/W1980808677","https://openalex.org/W1981445570","https://openalex.org/W1983352471","https://openalex.org/W1983780343","https://openalex.org/W1985778814","https://openalex.org/W1985956312","https://openalex.org/W1986173821","https://openalex.org/W1986402086","https://openalex.org/W1987376395","https://openalex.org/W1987603498","https://openalex.org/W1988180220","https://openalex.org/W1988196475","https://openalex.org/W1988511075","https://openalex.org/W1988978544","https://openalex.org/W1989106594","https://openalex.org/W1989388071","https://openalex.org/W1989428063","https://openalex.org/W1989842230","https://openalex.org/W1990915642","https://openalex.org/W1991371995","https://openalex.org/W1994802911","https://openalex.org/W1995777692","https://openalex.org/W1995824726","https://openalex.org/W1995878564","https://openalex.org/W1996675002","https://openalex.org/W1996777343","https://openalex.org/W1998509683","https://openalex.org/W1999907169","https://openalex.org/W2000619626","https://openalex.org/W2000762032","https://openalex.org/W2000798633","https://openalex.org/W2001577986","https://openalex.org/W2005234667","https://openalex.org/W2005576315","https://openalex.org/W2005970271","https://openalex.org/W2007887643","https://openalex.org/W2008685529","https://openalex.org/W2008893711","https://openalex.org/W2010975588","https://openalex.org/W2011419616","https://openalex.org/W2011493114","https://openalex.org/W2012726733","https://openalex.org/W2012792951","https://openalex.org/W2013368389","https://openalex.org/W2014165141","https://openalex.org/W2015236025","https://openalex.org/W2016313727","https://openalex.org/W2016408285","https://openalex.org/W2016417757","https://openalex.org/W2016983999","https://openalex.org/W2017345417","https://openalex.org/W2017857998","https://openalex.org/W2017955796","https://openalex.org/W2020171675","https://openalex.org/W2020446866","https://openalex.org/W2020956334","https://openalex.org/W2021283287","https://openalex.org/W2021834627","https://openalex.org/W2022241647","https://openalex.org/W2022601046","https://openalex.org/W2022661627","https://openalex.org/W2025048520","https://openalex.org/W2025996166","https://openalex.org/W2027013037","https://openalex.org/W2027553448","https://openalex.org/W2028618480","https://openalex.org/W2029315190","https://openalex.org/W2029845655","https://openalex.org/W2032196843","https://openalex.org/W2032615883","https://openalex.org/W2034093822","https://openalex.org/W2035523334","https://openalex.org/W2036056370","https://openalex.org/W2039127243","https://openalex.org/W2039765512","https://openalex.org/W2042135035","https://openalex.org/W2042379884","https://openalex.org/W2042646331","https://openalex.org/W2043336310","https://openalex.org/W2043512654","https://openalex.org/W2045228530","https://openalex.org/W2045488918","https://openalex.org/W2046011379","https://openalex.org/W2047970928","https://openalex.org/W2048006613","https://openalex.org/W2051700675","https://openalex.org/W2052131751","https://openalex.org/W2052137663","https://openalex.org/W2052198848","https://openalex.org/W2052542364","https://openalex.org/W2053905945","https://openalex.org/W2054254390","https://openalex.org/W2056185213","https://openalex.org/W2056243393","https://openalex.org/W2056416594","https://openalex.org/W2056749260","https://openalex.org/W2057032643","https://openalex.org/W2057430231","https://openalex.org/W2058771730","https://openalex.org/W2059895797","https://openalex.org/W2061202745","https://openalex.org/W2061306905","https://openalex.org/W2065057247","https://openalex.org/W2065255643","https://openalex.org/W2065313925","https://openalex.org/W2069297800","https://openalex.org/W2070170666","https://openalex.org/W2071001902","https://openalex.org/W2071012557","https://openalex.org/W2071816529","https://openalex.org/W2072261902","https://openalex.org/W2073416661","https://openalex.org/W2073975352","https://openalex.org/W2074231077","https://openalex.org/W2074890082","https://openalex.org/W2074899752","https://openalex.org/W2076238950","https://openalex.org/W2076832773","https://openalex.org/W2077092128","https://openalex.org/W2077567246","https://openalex.org/W2077590332","https://openalex.org/W2077666848","https://openalex.org/W2078484724","https://openalex.org/W2079127357","https://openalex.org/W2079556168","https://openalex.org/W2080470792","https://openalex.org/W2080660237","https://openalex.org/W2082004190","https://openalex.org/W2082481537","https://openalex.org/W2082507526","https://openalex.org/W2083103625","https://openalex.org/W2083205293","https://openalex.org/W2083511702","https://openalex.org/W2083849669","https://openalex.org/W2084272025","https://openalex.org/W2085722864","https://openalex.org/W2087602872","https://openalex.org/W2088544325","https://openalex.org/W2088768853","https://openalex.org/W2088792765","https://openalex.org/W2089646669","https://openalex.org/W2093152605","https://openalex.org/W2095559382","https://openalex.org/W2099212898","https://openalex.org/W2102218146","https://openalex.org/W2103124123","https://openalex.org/W2104458152","https://openalex.org/W2105602845","https://openalex.org/W2106609192","https://openalex.org/W2106874988","https://openalex.org/W2107692356","https://openalex.org/W2107737600","https://openalex.org/W2109798314","https://openalex.org/W2114734255","https://openalex.org/W2114991539","https://openalex.org/W2117724780","https://openalex.org/W2117919515","https://openalex.org/W2122034056","https://openalex.org/W2122374510","https://openalex.org/W2123579906","https://openalex.org/W2123720303","https://openalex.org/W2126350360","https://openalex.org/W2126490704","https://openalex.org/W2128166699","https://openalex.org/W2135163556","https://openalex.org/W2135753442","https://openalex.org/W2135860284","https://openalex.org/W2136253130","https://openalex.org/W2136962133","https://openalex.org/W2137082981","https://openalex.org/W2141129154","https://openalex.org/W2142664326","https://openalex.org/W2151925232","https://openalex.org/W2154595155","https://openalex.org/W2155431791","https://openalex.org/W2157885849","https://openalex.org/W2159004054","https://openalex.org/W2165636798","https://openalex.org/W2168157948","https://openalex.org/W2169009325","https://openalex.org/W2169558217","https://openalex.org/W2169946516","https://openalex.org/W2172266029","https://openalex.org/W2267596957","https://openalex.org/W2317138703","https://openalex.org/W2397813398","https://openalex.org/W2406227374","https://openalex.org/W2409475070","https://openalex.org/W2412053278","https://openalex.org/W2413994267","https://openalex.org/W2414541171","https://openalex.org/W2415174214","https://openalex.org/W2417243827","https://openalex.org/W2435759308","https://openalex.org/W2462377247","https://openalex.org/W2463538399","https://openalex.org/W2467354983","https://openalex.org/W2468201354","https://openalex.org/W2499450330","https://openalex.org/W2603347586","https://openalex.org/W2612485605","https://openalex.org/W2883598009","https://openalex.org/W2883983480","https://openalex.org/W2884452910","https://openalex.org/W2926692433","https://openalex.org/W2989906647","https://openalex.org/W3084151514","https://openalex.org/W3088138353","https://openalex.org/W3171963348","https://openalex.org/W3205256361","https://openalex.org/W4206481314","https://openalex.org/W4214879884","https://openalex.org/W4243702349","https://openalex.org/W4245182298","https://openalex.org/W4247484257","https://openalex.org/W4255757419","https://openalex.org/W4294284440","https://openalex.org/W4317524248","https://openalex.org/W6835410299"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4296905047","https://openalex.org/W4323637270","https://openalex.org/W4387132566","https://openalex.org/W2088077461","https://openalex.org/W4402456771","https://openalex.org/W2767269012","https://openalex.org/W4312161105","https://openalex.org/W2239128403","https://openalex.org/W2971781117","https://openalex.org/W2081941672"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
