{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2042829451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/wco.0b013e32833c0982","title":"Update on muscle-specific tyrosine kinase antibody positive myasthenia gravis","display_name":"Update on muscle-specific tyrosine kinase antibody positive myasthenia gravis","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2042829451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/wco.0b013e32833c0982","mag":"2042829451","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20613516"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/wco.0b013e32833c0982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/wco.0b013e32833c0982","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/wco.0b013e32833c0982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177945262","display_name":"Current Opinion in Neurology","issn_l":"1350-7540","issn":["1350-7540","1473-6551"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Opinion in Neurology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049165680","display_name":"Jeffrey T. Guptill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0312-0716","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0312-0716"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey T Guptill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA","Division of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103069372","display_name":"Donald B. Sanders","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2320-4965","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2320-4965"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Donald B Sanders","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA","to Dr Donald B. Sanders, Box 3403, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA E-mail: [email\u00a0protected]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"to Dr Donald B. Sanders, Box 3403, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA E-mail: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103069372"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.859,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":106,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87254902,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"5","first_page":"530","last_page":"535"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11271","display_name":"Myasthenia Gravis and Thymoma","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11271","display_name":"Myasthenia Gravis and Thymoma","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11724","display_name":"Inflammatory Myopathies and Dermatomyositis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11735","display_name":"Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-specific-tyrosine-kinase","display_name":"muscle-specific tyrosine kinase","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acetylcholine-receptor-antibodies","display_name":"acetylcholine receptor antibodies","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrodiagnosis","display_name":"electrodiagnosis","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors","display_name":"acetylcholinesterase inhibitors","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rituximab","display_name":"rituximab","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thymectomy","display_name":"thymectomy","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunosuppression","display_name":"immunosuppression","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractory-myasthenia-gravis","display_name":"refractory myasthenia gravis","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-phenotype","display_name":"disease phenotypes","score":0.6000000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778105408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8285","display_name":"Myasthenia gravis","level":2,"score":0.9410088658332825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7943967580795288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780247198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633403","display_name":"Weakness","level":2,"score":0.7709563970565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780653079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412323","display_name":"Rituximab","level":3,"score":0.7352690100669861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779615886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3090790","display_name":"Thymectomy","level":3,"score":0.6948773860931396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776418732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270421","display_name":"Muscle weakness","level":2,"score":0.5871517658233643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020341438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q776995","display_name":"Neuromuscular transmission","level":2,"score":0.4361632466316223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.36642569303512573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.34778499603271484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.31618884205818176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.17255577445030212}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001323","descriptor_name":"Autoantibodies","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001323","descriptor_name":"Autoantibodies","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009157","descriptor_name":"Myasthenia Gravis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009157","descriptor_name":"Myasthenia Gravis","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009157","descriptor_name":"Myasthenia Gravis","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009157","descriptor_name":"Myasthenia Gravis","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011950","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Cholinergic","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020794","descriptor_name":"Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/wco.0b013e32833c0982","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/wco.0b013e32833c0982","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/wco.0b013e32833c0982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177945262","display_name":"Current Opinion in Neurology","issn_l":"1350-7540","issn":["1350-7540","1473-6551"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Opinion in Neurology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20613516","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20613516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current opinion in neurology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7900000214576721}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307356","display_name":"Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America","ror":"https://ror.org/05czgp859"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307773","display_name":"GlaxoSmithKline","ror":"https://ror.org/01xsqw823"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1568142966","https://openalex.org/W1964848281","https://openalex.org/W1967865726","https://openalex.org/W1968034728","https://openalex.org/W1977090363","https://openalex.org/W1978738175","https://openalex.org/W1984522719","https://openalex.org/W1988067910","https://openalex.org/W1990217869","https://openalex.org/W1991972327","https://openalex.org/W1993458746","https://openalex.org/W1994161822","https://openalex.org/W1994793581","https://openalex.org/W2000937305","https://openalex.org/W2009377657","https://openalex.org/W2018477164","https://openalex.org/W2019361437","https://openalex.org/W2021766900","https://openalex.org/W2022854616","https://openalex.org/W2028595146","https://openalex.org/W2029656423","https://openalex.org/W2031205344","https://openalex.org/W2032840384","https://openalex.org/W2033389796","https://openalex.org/W2038591428","https://openalex.org/W2054347972","https://openalex.org/W2060251207","https://openalex.org/W2064778309","https://openalex.org/W2073532542","https://openalex.org/W2078615003","https://openalex.org/W2079566005","https://openalex.org/W2084482172","https://openalex.org/W2086332067","https://openalex.org/W2089618665","https://openalex.org/W2092651217","https://openalex.org/W2104640599","https://openalex.org/W2107024251","https://openalex.org/W2109351747","https://openalex.org/W2111048896","https://openalex.org/W2114201015","https://openalex.org/W2114428731","https://openalex.org/W2120050473","https://openalex.org/W2121391255","https://openalex.org/W2128301754","https://openalex.org/W2134547577","https://openalex.org/W2137608720","https://openalex.org/W2142190605","https://openalex.org/W2144014364","https://openalex.org/W2144090483","https://openalex.org/W2146756685","https://openalex.org/W2154806417","https://openalex.org/W2157137033","https://openalex.org/W2160330118","https://openalex.org/W2162856159","https://openalex.org/W2170187348","https://openalex.org/W2172275967","https://openalex.org/W2316425181","https://openalex.org/W4255592749","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2103367331","https://openalex.org/W3011291971","https://openalex.org/W2792946813","https://openalex.org/W2778839304","https://openalex.org/W2061335610","https://openalex.org/W7097135569","https://openalex.org/W2004395412","https://openalex.org/W1993458746","https://openalex.org/W4412924556","https://openalex.org/W4398155820"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE":[0],"OF":[1],"REVIEW:":[2],"Important":[3],"concepts":[4],"regarding":[5],"the":[6,169,179],"pathogenesis,":[7],"clinical":[8,31],"features,":[9],"diagnosis":[10,117],"and":[11,33,75,80,87,107,118,133,205],"treatment":[12,170],"of":[13,115,125,171,176,181,195,199],"muscle-specific":[14],"tyrosine":[15],"kinase":[16],"(MuSK)":[17],"antibody":[18,54,64,188],"positive":[19,55,65,189],"myasthenia":[20,56,100,196],"gravis":[21,57],"will":[22,27],"be":[23,28],"reviewed.":[24],"Special":[25],"attention":[26],"paid":[29],"to":[30,42,144],"phenotypes":[32,51],"treatment,":[34],"particularly":[35],"encouraging":[36,164],"responses":[37],"that":[38],"have":[39],"been":[40],"reported":[41],"rituximab.":[43],"RECENT":[44],"FINDINGS:":[45],"Worldwide":[46],"studies":[47,121],"confirm":[48],"three":[49],"major":[50],"in":[52,85,113,168,178],"MuSK":[53,187],"(MMG)":[58],"patients:":[59],"indistinguishable":[60],"from":[61],"acetylcholine":[62],"receptor":[63],"patients,":[66],"prominent":[67],"faciopharyngeal":[68],"weakness,":[69],"usually":[70],"with":[71,93,103,166],"marked":[72],"muscle":[73],"atrophy,":[74],"relatively":[76],"isolated":[77],"neck":[78,108],"extensor":[79],"respiratory":[81,96],"weakness.":[82],"MMG":[83],"predominates":[84],"women":[86],"weakness":[88,109],"is":[89,147],"typically":[90,156],"more":[91,94,158],"severe,":[92],"frequent":[95],"crises":[97],"than":[98],"non-MuSK":[99],"gravis.":[101,197],"Patients":[102],"sub-acute":[104],"bulbar,":[105],"shoulder,":[106],"pose":[110],"unique":[111,193],"challenges":[112],"terms":[114],"differential":[116],"electrodiagnosis.":[119],"Electrodiagnostic":[120],"evaluating":[122],"for":[123],"disorders":[124],"neuromuscular":[126],"transmission":[127],"should":[128],"focus":[129],"on":[130],"proximal":[131],"limb":[132],"facial":[134],"muscles,":[135],"as":[136,138],"well":[137],"clinically":[139],"weak":[140],"muscles.":[141],"The":[142,174],"response":[143],"acetylcholinesterase":[145],"inhibitors":[146],"often":[148],"disappointing.":[149],"Long-term":[150],"outcomes":[151],"appear":[152],"favorable":[153],"though":[154],"patients":[155,183,190,201],"require":[157],"aggressive":[159],"immunosuppression.":[160],"Uncontrolled":[161],"observations":[162],"report":[163],"results":[165],"rituximab":[167],"refractory":[172],"MMG.":[173],"role":[175],"thymectomy":[177],"management":[180,207],"these":[182,200],"remains":[184],"uncertain.":[185],"SUMMARY:":[186],"represent":[191],"a":[192],"subset":[194],"Identification":[198],"has":[202],"important":[203],"diagnostic":[204],"disease":[206],"implications.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}