{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2042548005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1367943099000372","title":"Time frames for population viability analysis of species with long generations: an example with Asian elephants","display_name":"Time frames for population viability analysis of species with long generations: an example with Asian elephants","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2042548005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1367943099000372","mag":"2042548005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1367943099000372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1367943099000372","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1367943099000372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144146645","display_name":"Animal Conservation","issn_l":"1367-9430","issn":["1367-9430","1469-1795"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Animal Conservation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069323728","display_name":"Peter Armbruster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8183-3842","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8183-3842"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181233156","display_name":"University of Oregon","ror":"https://ror.org/0293rh119","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181233156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter Armbruster","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97402-1210, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97402-1210, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181233156"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026983546","display_name":"Prithiviraj Fernando","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6968-4189","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6968-4189"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181233156","display_name":"University of Oregon","ror":"https://ror.org/0293rh119","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181233156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prithiviraj Fernando","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97402-1210, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97402-1210, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181233156"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049319800","display_name":"Russell Lande","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181233156","display_name":"University of Oregon","ror":"https://ror.org/0293rh119","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181233156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Russell Lande","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97402-1210, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97402-1210, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181233156"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069323728"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181233156"],"apc_list":{"value":4430,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4430},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.833,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7251974,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"69","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9487000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9487000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13967","display_name":"Conservation, Ecology, Wildlife Education","score":0.012199999764561653,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12644","display_name":"Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-viability-analysis","display_name":"population viability analysis","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asian-elephant","display_name":"Asian elephant","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extinction-risk","display_name":"extinction risk","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-decline","display_name":"population decline","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endangered-species-listing","display_name":"endangered species listing","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iucn-red-list","display_name":"IUCN Red List","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vortices","display_name":"vortices","score":0.7710000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776959937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310746","display_name":"Elephas","level":2,"score":0.8887193202972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116607704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655530","display_name":"Population viability analysis","level":4,"score":0.8445457220077515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43827410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32059","display_name":"IUCN Red List","level":2,"score":0.7493495941162109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778784093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133006","display_name":"Asian elephant","level":3,"score":0.7365652918815613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101991246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422078","display_name":"Extinction (optical mineralogy)","level":2,"score":0.7015032172203064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179345059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11394","display_name":"Endangered species","level":3,"score":0.689151406288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.608792781829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24518262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16197023","display_name":"Threatened species","level":3,"score":0.5344164967536926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155461473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219127","display_name":"Critically endangered","level":4,"score":0.5295083522796631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5105060338973999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.47750920057296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.44126972556114197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.43990641832351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135965604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1773898","display_name":"Minimum viable population","level":4,"score":0.41139650344848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.0706644356250763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1367943099000372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1367943099000372","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1367943099000372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144146645","display_name":"Animal Conservation","issn_l":"1367-9430","issn":["1367-9430","1469-1795"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Animal Conservation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1469-1795.1999.tb00050.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.1999.tb00050.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.1999.tb00050.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144146645","display_name":"Animal Conservation","issn_l":"1367-9430","issn":["1367-9430","1469-1795"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Animal Conservation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7605999708175659}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337400","display_name":"Division of Environmental Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/03g87he71"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494744738","https://openalex.org/W1602261908","https://openalex.org/W1966209663","https://openalex.org/W1971698066","https://openalex.org/W2000160163","https://openalex.org/W2004778468","https://openalex.org/W2005812447","https://openalex.org/W2024257342","https://openalex.org/W2054587179","https://openalex.org/W2062117037","https://openalex.org/W2065814595","https://openalex.org/W2068922181","https://openalex.org/W2082046543","https://openalex.org/W2093611826","https://openalex.org/W2105485928","https://openalex.org/W2132550267","https://openalex.org/W2132815255","https://openalex.org/W2162335786","https://openalex.org/W2327691035","https://openalex.org/W2331628891","https://openalex.org/W2419390675","https://openalex.org/W2773073157","https://openalex.org/W3142112479","https://openalex.org/W4238869594"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4220960575","https://openalex.org/W2023773109","https://openalex.org/W2006095427","https://openalex.org/W2020144199","https://openalex.org/W1969609509","https://openalex.org/W3043679214","https://openalex.org/W7100370752","https://openalex.org/W2490530178","https://openalex.org/W2170443214","https://openalex.org/W2044775281"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"We":[1,36],"extend":[2],"an":[3,41],"earlier":[4],"population":[5,62,75],"viability":[6,28],"analysis":[7],"(PVA)":[8],"of":[9,57,74,90,95,141],"the":[10,32,72,88,139,145],"Asian":[11],"elephant":[12,96],"(Elephas":[13],"maximus)":[14],"conducted":[15],"by":[16,87,144],"Sukumar":[17],"&":[18],"Santiapillai":[19],"(1993)":[20],"in":[21,53],"order":[22],"to":[23,51,120,125],"examine":[24],"how":[25,133],"conclusions":[26],"about":[27],"can":[29],"depend":[30],"upon":[31],"time":[33,68,113],"frame":[34,69],"examined.":[35],"find":[37],"that":[38],"there":[39],"is":[40],"approximately":[42],"200":[43],"year":[44,67,81,112],"lag":[45],"period":[46,114],"before":[47],"extinction":[48,76],"events":[49],"begin":[50],"occur":[52],"slowly":[54],"declining":[55],"populations":[56,106],"E.":[58],"maximus.":[59],"Therefore,":[60],"examining":[61],"persistence":[63],"over":[64,77],"a":[65,78,92,100,110],"100":[66,111],"seriously":[70],"underestimates":[71],"risk":[73],"longer,":[79],"1000":[80],"period.":[82],"These":[83,127],"results":[84,128],"are":[85],"supported":[86],"use":[89],"both":[91],"species\u2010specific":[93],"model":[94],"demography,":[97],"ELEPHANT,":[98],"and":[99,137],"generic":[101],"PVA":[102],"package,":[103],"VORTEX.":[104],"For":[105],"with":[107],"long":[108],"generations,":[109],"will":[115],"often":[116],"not":[117],"be":[118],"sufficient":[119],"evaluate":[121],"demographic":[122],"processes":[123],"leading":[124],"extinction.":[126],"have":[129],"important":[130],"implications":[131],"for":[132,138],"investigators":[134],"conduct":[135],"PVAs,":[136],"listing":[140],"endangered":[142],"species":[143],"World":[146],"Conservation":[147],"Union":[148],"(IUCN).":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}