{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2042489555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199409151-00004","title":"Strategies for Outcome Research in Spinal Disorders","display_name":"Strategies for Outcome Research in Spinal Disorders","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2042489555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199409151-00004","mag":"2042489555","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7801180"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00007632-199409151-00004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199409151-00004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199409151-00004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4026894","display_name":"Spine","issn_l":"0362-2436","issn":["0362-2436","1528-1159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Spine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113697433","display_name":"Matthew H. Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0104-3606","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0104-3606"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthew H. Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robert B. Brigham Multipurpose Arthritis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA","Harvard University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert B. Brigham Multipurpose Arthritis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114803380","display_name":"Gunnar B. J. Andersson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7432-5228","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7432-5228"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49886154","display_name":"Rush University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k9xac83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49886154"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gunnar Andersson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rush University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rush University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49886154"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069410791","display_name":"Claire Bombardier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5083-2137","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5083-2137"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claire Bombardier","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108549466","display_name":"Daniel C. Cherkin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel C. Cherkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087733041","display_name":"Richard A. Deyo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1313-3721","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1313-3721"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard A. Deyo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110825830","display_name":"Robert B. Keller","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert B. Keller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Maui Medical Assessment Foundation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Maui Medical Assessment Foundation","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110174023","display_name":"Casey K. Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Casey K. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Newark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Newark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007035347","display_name":"Bailey Lipscomb","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4402554120","display_name":"Rutgers New Jersey Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/014ye1258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142","https://openalex.org/I4390039302","https://openalex.org/I4402554120"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bailey Lipscomb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robert B. Brigham Multipurpose Arthritis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, the \u2020Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, \u2021Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and the Wellesborg Hospital, Toronto, Canada, the Departments of \u00a7Health Services and Family Medicine and \u2225Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, \u00b6","Robert B. Brigham Multipurpose Arthritis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, the \u2020Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, \u2021Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and the Wellesborg Hospital, Toronto, Canada, the Departments of \u00a7Health Services and Family Medicine and \u2225Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, \u00b6;Mauni Med-ical Assessment Foundation, Belport, Maine, the #Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey","Sofamor Danck Group Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert B. Brigham Multipurpose Arthritis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, the \u2020Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, \u2021Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and the Wellesborg Hospital, Toronto, Canada, the Departments of \u00a7Health Services and Family Medicine and \u2225Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, \u00b6","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I185261750","https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert B. Brigham Multipurpose Arthritis Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, the \u2020Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, \u2021Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and the Wellesborg Hospital, Toronto, Canada, the Departments of \u00a7Health Services and Family Medicine and \u2225Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, \u00b6;Mauni Med-ical Assessment Foundation, Belport, Maine, the #Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I185261750","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4402554120"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sofamor Danck Group Inc","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109914479","display_name":"Paul Shekelle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2764-4610","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2764-4610"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309849503","display_name":"RAND Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/00f2z7n96","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Shekelle","raw_affiliation_strings":["[RAND Corporation]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"[RAND Corporation]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309849503"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112184778","display_name":"Kevin F. Spratt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin F. Spratt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Iowa, "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Iowa, ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088556026","display_name":"James N. Weinstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6696-3246","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6696-3246","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0751-4163","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4076-397X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James N. Weinstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Iowa, "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Iowa, ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007035347","https://openalex.org/A5113697433"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I185261750","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4402554120"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8939,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73453228,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"Supplement","first_page":"2037S","last_page":"2040S"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.9398999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.9398999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10238","display_name":"Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology","score":0.05169999971985817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12443","display_name":"Delphi Technique in Research","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinal-disorders","display_name":"spinal disorders","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outcomes-research","display_name":"outcomes research","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinal-stenosis","display_name":"spinal stenosis","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-effectiveness","display_name":"treatment effectiveness","score":0.7580000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9566353559494019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780175798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478321","display_name":"Spinal stenosis","level":3,"score":0.6303714513778687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.5550320148468018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.5021069049835205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.40339380502700806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3804750144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.3778952956199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.2918093204498291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44575665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1293405","display_name":"Lumbar","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007796","descriptor_name":"Laminectomy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008722","descriptor_name":"Methods","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013122","descriptor_name":"Spinal Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013122","descriptor_name":"Spinal Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013130","descriptor_name":"Spinal Stenosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013130","descriptor_name":"Spinal Stenosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017063","descriptor_name":"Outcome Assessment, Health Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00007632-199409151-00004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199409151-00004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199409151-00004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4026894","display_name":"Spine","issn_l":"0362-2436","issn":["0362-2436","1528-1159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Spine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7801180","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7801180","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Spine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982225838","https://openalex.org/W2313338644","https://openalex.org/W4239161841","https://openalex.org/W2411777067","https://openalex.org/W7096706481","https://openalex.org/W595872285","https://openalex.org/W7043687102","https://openalex.org/W2122860528","https://openalex.org/W2009957901","https://openalex.org/W2040979255"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"evaluation":[1],"of":[2,6,33,43],"the":[3,7,39,44,51],"clinical":[4,8],"utility":[5],"diagnostic":[9],"tests":[10],"and":[11,18,21,28,41],"procedures,":[12],"what":[13],"works":[14],"in":[15],"spinal":[16,55],"disorders,":[17],"for":[19,59],"whom":[20],"how":[22],"treatment":[23],"affects":[24],"a":[25],"patient's":[26],"symptoms":[27],"function":[29],"are":[30,57],"key":[31],"questions":[32],"outcomes":[34],"research.":[35],"This":[36],"paper":[37],"describes":[38],"advantages":[40],"limitations":[42],"main":[45],"study":[46],"approaches":[47],"used.":[48],"Examples":[49],"from":[50],"spine":[52],"literature":[53],"on":[54],"stenosis":[56],"used":[58],"illustration.":[60]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}