{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2042190859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/303727","title":"Scaling Laws for Advection\u2010dominated Flows: Applications to Low\u2010Luminosity Galactic Nuclei","display_name":"Scaling Laws for Advection\u2010dominated Flows: Applications to Low\u2010Luminosity Galactic Nuclei","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2042190859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/303727","mag":"2042190859"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/303727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/303727","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/303727","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/303727/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1980519","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","issn_l":"0004-637X","issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2042190859"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/303727/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rohan Mahadevan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124175","display_name":"Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian","ror":"https://ror.org/03c3r2d17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rohan Mahadevan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124175"],"apc_list":{"value":4499,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4499},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.5142,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":299,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99049329,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"477","issue":"2","first_page":"585","last_page":"601"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advection-dominated-flow","display_name":"advection-dominated flow","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-similar-solutions","display_name":"self-similar solutions","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling-laws","display_name":"scaling laws","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-luminosity-active-galactic-nuclei","display_name":"low-luminosity active galactic nuclei","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elliptical-galaxies","display_name":"elliptical galaxies","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-spectral-index","display_name":"radio spectral index","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchrotron-self-absorption","display_name":"synchrotron self-absorption","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-cooling","display_name":"electron cooling","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-accretion-rate","display_name":"critical accretion rate","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-hole-accretion","display_name":"black hole accretion","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x-ray-spectra","display_name":"X-ray spectra","score":0.3720000088214874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.9692000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.7864000201225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135041427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83373","display_name":"Quasar","level":3,"score":0.5997999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3756855","display_name":"Accretion (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5683000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43481613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46587","display_name":"Active galactic nucleus","level":3,"score":0.5605000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98444146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galaxy","level":2,"score":0.5411999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12287442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105902","display_name":"Luminosity","level":3,"score":0.5066999793052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.4837999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50341732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q880302","display_name":"Black hole (networking)","level":5,"score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.4810999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20249676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217012","display_name":"Radio galaxy","level":3,"score":0.4189000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16332341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212871","display_name":"Synchrotron radiation","level":2,"score":0.4002000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117808444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853005","display_name":"Eddington luminosity","level":4,"score":0.3765000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5072599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379788","display_name":"Advection","level":2,"score":0.3621000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C871022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184348","display_name":"Elliptical galaxy","level":3,"score":0.3490999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.3352999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993691076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galactic nuclei","level":3,"score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42061751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2280060","display_name":"Spectral index","level":3,"score":0.326200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77538465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391329","display_name":"Fundamental plane (elliptical galaxies)","level":5,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10767094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854155","display_name":"Bulge","level":3,"score":0.31119999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139809296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502038","display_name":"Extragalactic astronomy","level":4,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157909335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900097","display_name":"Black-body radiation","level":3,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988430800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428971","display_name":"Scaling law","level":3,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193943012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q260761","display_name":"Spin-flip","level":3,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132552067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649112","display_name":"Galactic Center","level":3,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195803813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237604","display_name":"Accretion disc","level":2,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22175881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7201785","display_name":"Electron temperature","level":3,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194286251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157302","display_name":"Computational astrophysics","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158749347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10284378","display_name":"Photoionization","level":4,"score":0.2508000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81302155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655904","display_name":"Bremsstrahlung","level":3,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/303727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/303727","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/303727","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/303727/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1980519","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","issn_l":"0004-637X","issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:astro-ph/9609107","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9609107","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/9609107","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9609107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9609107","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9609107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/303727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/303727","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/303727","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/303727/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1980519","display_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","issn_l":"0004-637X","issn":["0004-637X","1538-4357"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Astrophysical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7453958064","display_name":"Investigations in Theoretical Astrophysics","funder_award_id":"9423209","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2042190859.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2042190859.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1805842768","https://openalex.org/W1963943883","https://openalex.org/W1972951372","https://openalex.org/W1978454335","https://openalex.org/W1999417864","https://openalex.org/W2000302353","https://openalex.org/W2015011282","https://openalex.org/W2019861477","https://openalex.org/W2022083816","https://openalex.org/W2028639286","https://openalex.org/W2045523028","https://openalex.org/W2049319759","https://openalex.org/W2051864624","https://openalex.org/W2057023417","https://openalex.org/W2057386138","https://openalex.org/W2059068804","https://openalex.org/W2070054216","https://openalex.org/W2073898877","https://openalex.org/W2074346835","https://openalex.org/W2075884647","https://openalex.org/W2084472499","https://openalex.org/W2119417758","https://openalex.org/W2127984363","https://openalex.org/W2171203348","https://openalex.org/W2962865548","https://openalex.org/W3026281667"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2089062277","https://openalex.org/W2991173194","https://openalex.org/W4237380359","https://openalex.org/W1999417864","https://openalex.org/W625094593","https://openalex.org/W1589131208","https://openalex.org/W1502185533","https://openalex.org/W2962883774","https://openalex.org/W2075959687","https://openalex.org/W2050303196"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,36,67,103,132,158,182,193],"present":[1],"analytical":[2],"scaling":[3],"laws":[4],"for":[5,136,161],"self-similar":[6],"advection-dominated":[7,223],"flows.":[8,131,224],"The":[9],"spectra":[10,40],"from":[11,15,64,129],"these":[12,65,130,141,184],"systems":[13],"range":[14],"10":[16,19],"8":[17],"to":[18,156,173,186],"20":[20],"Hz":[21],"and":[22,33,50,61,93,143,177],"are":[23],"determined":[24],"by":[25,199,217,221],"considering":[26,222],"cooling":[27],"of":[28,72,79,89,97,111,125,140,164,203],"electrons":[29],"through":[30],"synchrotron,":[31],"bremsstrahlung,":[32],"Compton":[34],"processes.":[35],"show":[37,104,194],"that":[38,51,105,160,195],"the":[39,59,73,77,80,86,90,94,98,106,137,144,152,166,180,196],"can":[41],"be":[42],"quite":[43],"accurately":[44],"reproduced":[45],"without":[46],"detailed":[47],"numerical":[48],"calculations":[49],"there":[52],"is":[53,121,170,211],"a":[54,122],"strong":[55],"testable":[56],"correlation":[57],"between":[58],"radio":[60,108],"X-ray":[62],"fluxes":[63],"systems.":[66],"describe":[68],"how":[69],"different":[70],"regions":[71],"spectrum":[74],"scale":[75],"with":[76],"mass":[78],"accreting":[81],"black":[82,188],"hole,":[83],"M":[84,174],",":[85,92,149,175,176],"accretion":[87,146],"rate":[88],"gas,":[91],"equilibrium":[95,167],"temperature":[96,169],"electrons,":[99],"T":[100],"e":[101],".":[102],"universal":[107],"spectral":[109],"index":[110],"1/3":[112],"observed":[113],"in":[114,179,190],"most":[115,162],"elliptical":[116,206],"galaxies":[117,207],"(Slee":[118],"et":[119],"al.)":[120],"natural":[123],"consequence":[124],"self-absorbed":[126],"synchrotron":[127],"radiation":[128],"also":[133],"give":[134],"expressions":[135],"total":[138],"luminosity":[139],"flows":[142],"critical":[145],"rate,":[147],"crit":[148],"above":[150],"which":[151],"advection":[153],"solutions":[154],"cease":[155],"exist.":[157],"find":[159],"cases":[163],"interest,":[165],"electron":[168],"fairly":[171],"insensitive":[172],"parameters":[178],"model.":[181],"apply":[183],"results":[185],"low-luminosity":[187],"holes":[189],"galactic":[191],"nuclei.":[192],"problem":[197],"posed":[198],"Fabian":[200,218],"&":[201,219],"Canizares":[202],"whether":[204],"bright":[205],"host":[208],"dead":[209],"quasars":[210],"resolved,":[212],"as":[213],"pointed":[214],"out":[215],"recently":[216],"Rees,":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
