{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2042015202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1116/1.568490","title":"Generation and extraction of microsecond intense relativistic electron beams","display_name":"Generation and extraction of microsecond intense relativistic electron beams","publication_year":1975,"publication_date":"1975-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2042015202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1116/1.568490","mag":"2042015202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1116/1.568490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1116/1.568490","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1116/1.568490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52593085","display_name":"Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology","issn_l":"0022-5355","issn":["0022-5355","2331-1754"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058690962","display_name":"Ralf Schneider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4492-8869","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4492-8869"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics International Company, San Leandro, California 94577"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics International Company, San Leandro, California 94577","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111443271","display_name":"Charles H. Stallings","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Stallings","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics International Company, San Leandro, California 94577"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics International Company, San Leandro, California 94577","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108450786","display_name":"David B. Cummings","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Cummings","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics International Company, San Leandro, California 94577"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics International Company, San Leandro, California 94577","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7342,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68757954,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"6","first_page":"1191","last_page":"1193"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11920","display_name":"Pulsed Power Technology Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11920","display_name":"Pulsed Power Technology Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11175","display_name":"Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11367","display_name":"Particle accelerators and beam dynamics","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relativistic-electron-beams","display_name":"relativistic electron beams","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-current-electron-beam","display_name":"high-current electron beam","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulsed-power-generator","display_name":"pulsed power generator","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-forming-network","display_name":"pulse forming network","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blumlein","display_name":"Blumlein","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diode-like-behavior","display_name":"diode-like behavior","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diode-impedance","display_name":"diode impedance","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semi-empirical-model","display_name":"semi-empirical model","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microsecond-pulses","display_name":"microsecond pulses","score":0.46299999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155391985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q886348","display_name":"Blumlein Pair","level":4,"score":0.893204927444458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34742353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842015","display_name":"Microsecond","level":2,"score":0.8911867141723633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.7199456095695496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89395315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181232","display_name":"Anode","level":3,"score":0.6557587385177612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49110097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175233","display_name":"Cathode","level":2,"score":0.6534932851791382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51319974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3509564","display_name":"Pulse generator","level":3,"score":0.6431942582130432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776774166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044261","display_name":"Relativistic electron beam","level":4,"score":0.6219836473464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.6097994446754456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114331627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1906178","display_name":"Marx generator","level":4,"score":0.5873503684997559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95312477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207340","display_name":"Cathode ray","level":3,"score":0.52695232629776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.5141932964324951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.5041319131851196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97039730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552565","display_name":"Pulsed power","level":3,"score":0.4907296895980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4879912734031677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.4650493860244751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.45301157236099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.44387325644493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.42778468132019043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2603400945663452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2424558699131012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2210133969783783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.16866403818130493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.14691290259361267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1116/1.568490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1116/1.568490","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1116/1.568490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52593085","display_name":"Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology","issn_l":"0022-5355","issn":["0022-5355","2331-1754"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1606804032","https://openalex.org/W4246252503","https://openalex.org/W1572671178","https://openalex.org/W2047134686","https://openalex.org/W3010554470","https://openalex.org/W2067832699","https://openalex.org/W2083739384","https://openalex.org/W1988513508","https://openalex.org/W4416620557","https://openalex.org/W3206228660"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,51,69],"Physics":[1],"International":[2],"Pulserad":[3],"1140":[4],"has":[5,40,66],"been":[6,41,67],"modified":[7],"so":[8],"that":[9],"a":[10,20,30],"pulse":[11],"length":[12],"of":[13,23,53,80],"1.7":[14],"\u03bcsec":[15],"can":[16],"be":[17],"obtained":[18],"with":[19],"beam":[21],"energy":[22],"50":[24],"kJ.":[25],"This":[26,37],"modification":[27],"involves":[28],"substituting":[29],"pulse-forming":[31],"network":[32],"for":[33],"the":[34],"conventional":[35],"Blumlein.":[36],"long-pulse":[38],"generator":[39],"used":[42],"to":[43],"study":[44],"diode":[45,70],"behavior":[46],"on":[47,55],"1-\u03bcsec":[48],"time":[49,71],"scales.":[50],"dependence":[52],"impedance":[54],"voltage":[56],"and":[57,73],"anode\u2013cathode":[58],"spacing":[59],"is":[60],"discussed":[61,77],"here.":[62],"A":[63],"semiempirical":[64],"model":[65],"developed.":[68],"history":[72],"closure":[74],"velocity":[75],"are":[76],"in":[78],"terms":[79],"this":[81],"model.":[82]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}