{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2041809570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1997.03540380083040","title":"Out of the Shadows: Confronting America's Mental Illness Crisis","display_name":"Out of the Shadows: Confronting America's Mental Illness Crisis","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2041809570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1997.03540380083040","mag":"2041809570"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03540380083040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1997.03540380083040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1997.03540380083040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172573765","display_name":"JAMA","issn_l":"0002-9955","issn":["0002-9955","0098-7484","1538-3598","2376-8118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110101964","display_name":"Carl Compton Bell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carl C. Bell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110101964"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3247,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94487467,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"277","issue":"14","first_page":"1169","last_page":"1169"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.3831000030040741,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.3831000030040741,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11464","display_name":"Homelessness and Social Issues","score":0.24819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13944","display_name":"Psychiatric care and mental health services","score":0.16779999434947968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-mental-illness","display_name":"severe mental illness","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health-policy","display_name":"mental health policy","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homelessness","display_name":"homelessness","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizophrenia","display_name":"schizophrenia","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizoaffective-disorder","display_name":"schizoaffective disorder","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipolar-disorder","display_name":"bipolar disorder","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-spectrum-disorder","display_name":"autism spectrum disorder","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/major-depressive-disorder","display_name":"major depressive disorder","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panic-disorder","display_name":"panic disorder","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obsessive-compulsive-disorder","display_name":"obsessive-compulsive disorder","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deinstitutionalization","display_name":"deinstitutionalization","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminalization-of-mental-illness","display_name":"criminalization of mental illness","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatric-rehabilitation","display_name":"psychiatric rehabilitation","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health-services","display_name":"mental health services","score":0.4269999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7600315809249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.729690432548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776674806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12135","display_name":"Mental illness","level":3,"score":0.6956529021263123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780325297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q834047","display_name":"Schizoaffective disorder","level":3,"score":0.6437773108482361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.636999249458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431605","display_name":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.6365854740142822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777529043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741713","display_name":"Panic disorder","level":3,"score":0.47483211755752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776174506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131755","display_name":"Bipolar disorder","level":3,"score":0.44867396354675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4462331235408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.32601428031921387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779727114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170082","display_name":"Psychosis","level":2,"score":0.24167463183403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780733359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331769","display_name":"Mood","level":2,"score":0.18392890691757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.16208669543266296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.14859452843666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03540380083040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1997.03540380083040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1997.03540380083040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172573765","display_name":"JAMA","issn_l":"0002-9955","issn":["0002-9955","0098-7484","1538-3598","2376-8118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8560000061988831,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990862647","https://openalex.org/W7038594342","https://openalex.org/W2025275954","https://openalex.org/W1999643089","https://openalex.org/W4239370344","https://openalex.org/W2418846555","https://openalex.org/W2133368634","https://openalex.org/W7071138499","https://openalex.org/W3028281615","https://openalex.org/W4408670193"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"easy-to-read":[1],"book":[2],"offers":[3],"relevant":[4],"solutions":[5],"for":[6,65,128,149],"the":[7,33,38,80,115,129,136],"problems":[8],"associated":[9],"with":[10,50],"severe":[11],"mental":[12],"illness.":[13],"The":[14],"illnesses":[15],"so":[16],"defined\u2014schizophrenia,":[17],"schizoaffective":[18],"disorder,":[19,22,27],"manic":[20],"depressive":[21],"autism,":[23,46],"major":[24],"depression,":[25],"panic":[26],"and":[28,54,68,85,105],"obsessive-compulsive":[29],"disorder\u2014affect":[30],"2.8%":[31],"of":[32,79],"US":[34],"adult":[35],"population.":[36],"Because":[37],"morbidity":[39],"caused":[40],"by":[41],"these":[42],"brain":[43],"diseases,":[44],"except":[45],"can":[47],"be":[48],"alleviated":[49],"appropriate":[51],"medication,":[52],"rehabilitation,":[53],"supportive":[55],"therapy,":[56],"Dr":[57],"Torrey":[58],"asserts":[59],"that":[60,75,140,147],"society":[61],"could":[62],"intervene":[63],"but,":[64],"economic,":[66],"legal,":[67],"ideologic":[69],"reasons,":[70],"does":[71],"not.":[72],"Estimates":[73],"are":[74,83,91],"28%":[76],"to":[77,96,110,145],"37%":[78],"homeless":[81],"population":[82,121],"severely":[84],"persistently":[86],"mentally":[87,130],"ill.":[88],"These":[89],"patients":[90],"eight":[92],"times":[93,107],"more":[94,108],"likely":[95,109],"use":[97],"garbage":[98],"cans":[99],"as":[100],"their":[101],"primary":[102],"food":[103],"sources,":[104],"three":[106],"have":[111],"been":[112],"victimized":[113],"than":[114,135],"nonmentally":[116],"ill":[117,131],"homeless.":[118],"Clearly,":[119],"this":[120],"is":[122],"suffering.":[123],"Before":[124],"deinstitutionalization,":[125],"arrest":[126],"rates":[127],"were":[132],"not":[133],"higher":[134],"general":[137],"public.":[138],"Currently,":[139],"pattern":[141],"has":[142],"reversed":[143],"owing":[144],"practices":[146],"allow":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
