{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2041686524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1800.2004.00225.x","title":"Pale, poor, and \u2018pretubercular\u2019 children: a history of pediatric antituberculosis efforts in France, Germany, and the United States, 1899\u20131929","display_name":"Pale, poor, and \u2018pretubercular\u2019 children: a history of pediatric antituberculosis efforts in France, Germany, and the United States, 1899\u20131929","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2041686524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1800.2004.00225.x","mag":"2041686524","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15327653"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1440-1800.2004.00225.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1800.2004.00225.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1800.2004.00225.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26958175","display_name":"Nursing Inquiry","issn_l":"1320-7881","issn":["1320-7881","1440-1800"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nursing Inquiry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109865389","display_name":"Cynthia Connolly","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cynthia Connolly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, CT 06535-0740, USA. Cindy.Connolly@yale.edu","Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, CT 06535-0740, USA. Cindy.Connolly@yale.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109865389"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"apc_list":{"value":4720,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4720},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32591948,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"138","last_page":"147"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12778","display_name":"History of Medicine and Tropical Health","score":0.8295999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12778","display_name":"History of Medicine and Tropical Health","score":0.8295999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.06710000336170197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12990","display_name":"Medical History and Innovations","score":0.0406000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-tuberculosis","display_name":"pediatric tuberculosis","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-air-schools","display_name":"open-air schools","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foster-care-placement","display_name":"foster care placement","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nurses","display_name":"nurses","score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-pediatrics","display_name":"history of pediatrics","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis-prevention","display_name":"tuberculosis prevention","score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/france","display_name":"France","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germany","display_name":"Germany","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states","display_name":"United States","score":0.9269999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.6229349970817566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.5945135354995728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4534592032432556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4494183659553528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.44099748134613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.436162531375885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.432364821434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.42429715394973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3216173052787781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.15261691808700562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.12772446870803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002662","descriptor_name":"Child Health Services","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002669","descriptor_name":"Child Welfare","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005602","descriptor_name":"France","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005858","descriptor_name":"Germany","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011637","descriptor_name":"Public Health Nursing","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014376","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014376","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1440-1800.2004.00225.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1800.2004.00225.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1800.2004.00225.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26958175","display_name":"Nursing Inquiry","issn_l":"1320-7881","issn":["1320-7881","1440-1800"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nursing Inquiry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15327653","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15327653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nursing inquiry","raw_type":"Historical Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310536","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W202780883","https://openalex.org/W607305918","https://openalex.org/W1583281854","https://openalex.org/W1974473855","https://openalex.org/W1997688804","https://openalex.org/W2001212426","https://openalex.org/W2001686167","https://openalex.org/W2051238777","https://openalex.org/W2067071536","https://openalex.org/W2068051541","https://openalex.org/W2077846302","https://openalex.org/W2078878399","https://openalex.org/W2096164370","https://openalex.org/W2097510112","https://openalex.org/W2119862752","https://openalex.org/W2128045313","https://openalex.org/W2156290409","https://openalex.org/W2225153425","https://openalex.org/W2253605641","https://openalex.org/W2314019420","https://openalex.org/W2318398544","https://openalex.org/W2318813520","https://openalex.org/W2322884408","https://openalex.org/W2406108173","https://openalex.org/W2471095485","https://openalex.org/W2507890394","https://openalex.org/W2742633998","https://openalex.org/W2970376941","https://openalex.org/W2977771209","https://openalex.org/W2995281831","https://openalex.org/W3016503177","https://openalex.org/W3164168657","https://openalex.org/W4206951906","https://openalex.org/W4234262872","https://openalex.org/W4240357437","https://openalex.org/W4241322967","https://openalex.org/W4243924202","https://openalex.org/W4243931848","https://openalex.org/W4254208442","https://openalex.org/W4300412515","https://openalex.org/W4319590243","https://openalex.org/W4388330380","https://openalex.org/W6635764768","https://openalex.org/W7073648850"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2225153425","https://openalex.org/W2147657118","https://openalex.org/W2266064395","https://openalex.org/W2026174037","https://openalex.org/W4318685710","https://openalex.org/W4404372706","https://openalex.org/W633905625","https://openalex.org/W2122009120","https://openalex.org/W2152339010","https://openalex.org/W2409564988"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"international":[1],"consensus":[2],"emerged":[3],"in":[4,22,29,44,95,104,123,158],"the":[5,12,59,92,96,102,124,150,162,169],"years":[6,86],"between":[7,164],"1900":[8],"and":[9,24,58,70,77,101,107,155,161,168],"1910":[10],"regarding":[11],"need":[13],"to":[14,39,81,114,148],"refocus":[15],"antituberculosis":[16],"efforts":[17,142],"away":[18],"from":[19],"treating":[20],"tuberculosis":[21],"adults":[23],"toward":[25],"preventing":[26],"active":[27],"disease":[28],"children.":[30],"This":[31],"paper":[32],"uses":[33],"social":[34],"history":[35],"as":[36],"a":[37,116,144],"framework":[38],"explore":[40],"pediatric":[41,109],"health":[42],"experiments":[43],"France":[45],"(foster":[46],"placement":[47],"of":[48,91,133,153],"city":[49],"children":[50,64],"with":[51,79],"rural":[52],"farm":[53],"families),":[54],"Germany":[55],"(open-air":[56],"schools),":[57],"United":[60,97,125],"States":[61,98],"(preventorium)":[62],"for":[63],"considered":[65,119],"'pretubercular'.":[66],"The":[67,89],"scientific,":[68],"social,":[69],"political":[71],"variables":[72],"that":[73],"reshaped":[74],"prevailing":[75],"ideas":[76],"practice":[78],"regard":[80],"TB":[82],"prevention":[83,110,156],"during":[84],"those":[85],"are":[87],"described.":[88],"creation":[90],"first":[93],"preventorium":[94],"is":[99,129],"explained":[100],"way":[103],"which":[105],"French":[106],"German":[108],"strategies":[111],"were":[112,138],"adapted":[113],"address":[115],"specific":[117],"population":[118],"at":[120],"high":[121],"risk":[122,154],"States,":[126],"indigent":[127],"immigrants,":[128],"detailed.":[130],"For":[131],"each":[132],"these":[134],"three":[135],"nations,":[136],"nurses":[137],"central":[139],"actors.":[140],"Their":[141],"provide":[143],"unique":[145],"vantage":[146],"point":[147],"study":[149],"cultural":[151],"dimensions":[152],"embedded":[157],"nursing":[159],"care":[160],"interplay":[163],"science,":[165],"culture,":[166],"nurses,":[167],"state.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}