{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2041663243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10590501.2012.653887","title":"Phototoxicity and Environmental Transformation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)\u2014Light-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species, Lipid Peroxidation, and DNA Damage","display_name":"Phototoxicity and Environmental Transformation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)\u2014Light-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species, Lipid Peroxidation, and DNA Damage","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2041663243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10590501.2012.653887","mag":"2041663243","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22458855"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10590501.2012.653887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10590501.2012.653887","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10590501.2012.653887","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219320","display_name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C","issn_l":"1059-0501","issn":["1059-0501","1532-4095","2689-6583","2689-6591"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","poland-140","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069374770","display_name":"Peter P. Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-1189","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-1189"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304557061","display_name":"National Center for Toxicological Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05jmhh281","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1304557061","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter P. Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Toxicological Research","Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Toxicological Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304557061"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304557061"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110213293","display_name":"Qingsu Xia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1304557061","display_name":"National Center for Toxicological Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05jmhh281","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1304557061","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingsu Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Toxicological Research","Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Toxicological Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304557061"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1304557061"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101887546","display_name":"Xin Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2424-8011","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2424-8011"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184490438","display_name":"Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/04wktzw65","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184490438","https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164727","display_name":"National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control","ror":"https://ror.org/05n5mmr26","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184490438","https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210151987","https://openalex.org/I4210164727"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention","National Institute of Occupational Health and Poisoning Control , Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184490438"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Occupational Health and Poisoning Control , Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184490438","https://openalex.org/I4210164727"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074138884","display_name":"Hongtao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8596-5527","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8596-5527"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61937129","display_name":"Jackson State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01ecnnp60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I61937129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongtao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jackson State University","Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jackson State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61937129"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61937129"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5295,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":247,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81767956,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"41"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10122","display_name":"Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10122","display_name":"Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10433","display_name":"Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment","score":0.016100000590085983,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10447","display_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons","display_name":"polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phototoxicity","display_name":"phototoxicity","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photochemical-reactions","display_name":"photochemical reactions","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reactive-oxygen-species","display_name":"reactive oxygen species","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-peroxidation","display_name":"lipid peroxidation","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-damage","display_name":"DNA damage","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine","display_name":"8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-adducts","display_name":"DNA adducts","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrated-polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons","display_name":"nitro-PAHs","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygenated-pahs","display_name":"oxygenated PAHs","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photochemical-conversion","display_name":"photochemical transformation","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-cancer","display_name":"skin cancer","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-aging","display_name":"skin aging","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structure-toxicity-relationship","display_name":"structure-toxicity relationship","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-assessment","display_name":"risk assessment","score":0.48100000619888306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20639190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088972","display_name":"Phototoxicity","level":3,"score":0.9232522249221802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.8054105043411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48349386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424361","display_name":"Reactive oxygen species","level":2,"score":0.6965349316596985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143425029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5205747","display_name":"DNA damage","level":3,"score":0.6804379224777222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780829032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898539","display_name":"Lipid peroxidation","level":3,"score":0.5484781861305237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.5406285524368286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75473681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188651","display_name":"Photochemistry","level":1,"score":0.4927885830402374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139066938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185056","display_name":"Radical","level":2,"score":0.43493422865867615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114246631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187661","display_name":"Carcinogen","level":2,"score":0.42737454175949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.3067825436592102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814","display_name":"Oxidative stress","level":2,"score":0.30560725927352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.1555878221988678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000080242","descriptor_name":"8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003849","descriptor_name":"Deoxyguanosine","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003849","descriptor_name":"Deoxyguanosine","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004249","descriptor_name":"DNA Damage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004785","descriptor_name":"Environmental Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004785","descriptor_name":"Environmental Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011084","descriptor_name":"Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011084","descriptor_name":"Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015227","descriptor_name":"Lipid Peroxidation","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017382","descriptor_name":"Reactive Oxygen Species","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055668","descriptor_name":"Photochemical Processes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10590501.2012.653887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10590501.2012.653887","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10590501.2012.653887","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219320","display_name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C","issn_l":"1059-0501","issn":["1059-0501","1532-4095","2689-6583","2689-6591"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","poland-140","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22458855","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22458855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of environmental science and health. Part C, Environmental carcinogenesis & ecotoxicology reviews","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":189,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55402187","https://openalex.org/W62543281","https://openalex.org/W206949504","https://openalex.org/W267537800","https://openalex.org/W563758691","https://openalex.org/W569301712","https://openalex.org/W574632868","https://openalex.org/W588815137","https://openalex.org/W596724494","https://openalex.org/W1034637054","https://openalex.org/W1254147896","https://openalex.org/W1492133777","https://openalex.org/W1527683828","https://openalex.org/W1532356701","https://openalex.org/W1538831272","https://openalex.org/W1542868541","https://openalex.org/W1567792310","https://openalex.org/W1569967144","https://openalex.org/W1578222228","https://openalex.org/W1583793678","https://openalex.org/W1905449367","https://openalex.org/W1953055491","https://openalex.org/W1963598992","https://openalex.org/W1965321957","https://openalex.org/W1965625469","https://openalex.org/W1966598308","https://openalex.org/W1966823346","https://openalex.org/W1967132515","https://openalex.org/W1967455284","https://openalex.org/W1967937326","https://openalex.org/W1968521827","https://openalex.org/W1968577485","https://openalex.org/W1968726859","https://openalex.org/W1971349034","https://openalex.org/W1971410361","https://openalex.org/W1971614436","https://openalex.org/W1972973229","https://openalex.org/W1975681361","https://openalex.org/W1976330497","https://openalex.org/W1977554526","https://openalex.org/W1978409345","https://openalex.org/W1983991518","https://openalex.org/W1986236251","https://openalex.org/W1986728651","https://openalex.org/W1986906463","https://openalex.org/W1987948271","https://openalex.org/W1990547204","https://openalex.org/W1992338572","https://openalex.org/W1992527056","https://openalex.org/W1993594788","https://openalex.org/W1993987915","https://openalex.org/W1994262605","https://openalex.org/W1998628752","https://openalex.org/W2000479946","https://openalex.org/W2000892982","https://openalex.org/W2001875879","https://openalex.org/W2002946913","https://openalex.org/W2003249791","https://openalex.org/W2003465832","https://openalex.org/W2003540929","https://openalex.org/W2005099734","https://openalex.org/W2007908089","https://openalex.org/W2012236300","https://openalex.org/W2013783390","https://openalex.org/W2014125061","https://openalex.org/W2016224906","https://openalex.org/W2016585187","https://openalex.org/W2016598859","https://openalex.org/W2017931846","https://openalex.org/W2018978013","https://openalex.org/W2019362186","https://openalex.org/W2019781875","https://openalex.org/W2020043294","https://openalex.org/W2020383780","https://openalex.org/W2021686899","https://openalex.org/W2023358044","https://openalex.org/W2024926220","https://openalex.org/W2025312249","https://openalex.org/W2027032806","https://openalex.org/W2027111404","https://openalex.org/W2027536054","https://openalex.org/W2028219023","https://openalex.org/W2029153687","https://openalex.org/W2029204370","https://openalex.org/W2031109095","https://openalex.org/W2032522753","https://openalex.org/W2032656180","https://openalex.org/W2033433475","https://openalex.org/W2034045740","https://openalex.org/W2034581891","https://openalex.org/W2035076992","https://openalex.org/W2036080456","https://openalex.org/W2037529385","https://openalex.org/W2038629803","https://openalex.org/W2038720700","https://openalex.org/W2039225542","https://openalex.org/W2039840078","https://openalex.org/W2039873226","https://openalex.org/W2039939550","https://openalex.org/W2040796648","https://openalex.org/W2041968146","https://openalex.org/W2042453446","https://openalex.org/W2044091592","https://openalex.org/W2044545503","https://openalex.org/W2046722515","https://openalex.org/W2046937025","https://openalex.org/W2049086515","https://openalex.org/W2050160082","https://openalex.org/W2053377823","https://openalex.org/W2054734965","https://openalex.org/W2054759478","https://openalex.org/W2055015050","https://openalex.org/W2055671867","https://openalex.org/W2056499282","https://openalex.org/W2056657632","https://openalex.org/W2059975451","https://openalex.org/W2061392820","https://openalex.org/W2065342803","https://openalex.org/W2065758000","https://openalex.org/W2065889432","https://openalex.org/W2066341133","https://openalex.org/W2067638898","https://openalex.org/W2068229514","https://openalex.org/W2068993618","https://openalex.org/W2069096619","https://openalex.org/W2070528340","https://openalex.org/W2071793365","https://openalex.org/W2072199451","https://openalex.org/W2073075884","https://openalex.org/W2077282773","https://openalex.org/W2077528281","https://openalex.org/W2085858394","https://openalex.org/W2086587843","https://openalex.org/W2087247222","https://openalex.org/W2087250942","https://openalex.org/W2089886136","https://openalex.org/W2090858563","https://openalex.org/W2091168886","https://openalex.org/W2091510626","https://openalex.org/W2093683758","https://openalex.org/W2094237628","https://openalex.org/W2095399857","https://openalex.org/W2100019309","https://openalex.org/W2101024777","https://openalex.org/W2102725853","https://openalex.org/W2104732144","https://openalex.org/W2109543726","https://openalex.org/W2111887805","https://openalex.org/W2112459579","https://openalex.org/W2113404850","https://openalex.org/W2117480185","https://openalex.org/W2122374072","https://openalex.org/W2129943496","https://openalex.org/W2132610076","https://openalex.org/W2132957525","https://openalex.org/W2133827372","https://openalex.org/W2134572160","https://openalex.org/W2135243290","https://openalex.org/W2137588552","https://openalex.org/W2140367895","https://openalex.org/W2143143891","https://openalex.org/W2145366103","https://openalex.org/W2151140101","https://openalex.org/W2156971474","https://openalex.org/W2157451819","https://openalex.org/W2158379438","https://openalex.org/W2161367552","https://openalex.org/W2164066515","https://openalex.org/W2164178754","https://openalex.org/W2168444622","https://openalex.org/W2170640378","https://openalex.org/W2236268593","https://openalex.org/W2319939225","https://openalex.org/W2321844199","https://openalex.org/W2324299619","https://openalex.org/W2409841774","https://openalex.org/W2410808482","https://openalex.org/W2436586049","https://openalex.org/W2485463374","https://openalex.org/W2492944362","https://openalex.org/W2501957194","https://openalex.org/W2949863873","https://openalex.org/W2951048271","https://openalex.org/W3022314104","https://openalex.org/W4211054696","https://openalex.org/W4236529637","https://openalex.org/W4254423793","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300774411"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2129943496","https://openalex.org/W2005099734","https://openalex.org/W2090858563","https://openalex.org/W4392564491","https://openalex.org/W1971614436","https://openalex.org/W2021686899","https://openalex.org/W2023358044","https://openalex.org/W108590066","https://openalex.org/W2189243802","https://openalex.org/W4210969364"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Polycyclic":[0],"aromatic":[1],"hydrocarbons":[2],"(PAHs)":[3],"are":[4,81,149,221],"a":[5],"class":[6],"of":[7,39,67,78,204,218,228],"mutagenic":[8],"and":[9,28,41,73,87,106,115,123,133,143,171,224,239],"tumorigenic":[10],"environmental":[11,37,79,156,205],"contaminants.":[12],"Although":[13],"the":[14,29,36,42,55,65,182,211,226,236],"mechanisms":[15],"by":[16,45],"which":[17,100],"PAHs":[18,40,75,80,86,122,157,206],"induce":[19,130],"cancer":[20],"in":[21,54,179],"experimental":[22],"animals":[23],"have":[24,33,57],"been":[25,34],"extensively":[26],"studied":[27],"metabolic":[30,185],"activation":[31,197],"pathways":[32],"determined,":[35],"fate":[38],"phototoxicity":[43,244],"exerted":[44],"PAHs,":[46,69,200],"as":[47,49,120,194],"well":[48],"their":[50],"photoreaction":[51,77,90,193],"products":[52,91,219],"formed":[53],"environment,":[56],"received":[58],"much":[59],"less":[60],"attention.":[61],"In":[62],"this":[63],"review,":[64],"formation":[66],"oxygenated":[68,121],"PAH":[70,89],"quinones,":[71],"nitro-PAHs,":[72],"halogenated":[74],"from":[76],"addressed.":[82],"Upon":[83],"light":[84,94],"irradiation,":[85],"all":[88],"can":[92],"absorb":[93],"energy":[95],"to":[96,109,141,160,169,181,192,216,234],"reach":[97],"photo-excited":[98],"states,":[99],"react":[101],"with":[102,151],"molecular":[103],"oxygen,":[104],"medium,":[105],"coexisting":[107],"chemicals":[108],"produce":[110],"reactive":[111,117],"oxygen":[112],"species":[113],"(ROS)":[114],"other":[116],"intermediates,":[118,127],"such":[119],"free":[124],"radicals.":[125],"These":[126],"including":[128,136,154],"ROS,":[129],"lipid":[131],"peroxidation,":[132],"DNA":[134,137],"damage":[135],"strand":[138],"breakage,":[139],"oxidation":[140],"8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine,":[142],"DNA-adducts.":[144],"Since":[145],"these":[146],"toxicological":[147],"endpoints":[148],"associated":[150],"age-related":[152],"diseases,":[153],"cancer,":[155],"concomitantly":[158],"exposed":[159],"sunlight":[161],"may":[162],"potentially":[163],"promote":[164],"human":[165],"skin":[166,172],"damage,":[167],"leading":[168,215],"ageing":[170],"cancers.":[173],"Thus,":[174],"we":[175],"suggest":[176],"that":[177,220,242],"(i)":[178],"addition":[180],"widely":[183],"recognized":[184],"pathways,":[186],"more":[187],"attention":[188],"must":[189],"be":[190,232],"paid":[191],"an":[195],"important":[196],"pathway":[198],"for":[199],"(ii)":[201],"risk":[202],"assessment":[203],"should":[207,231],"take":[208],"into":[209],"consideration":[210],"complex":[212,237],"photochemical":[213],"reactions":[214],"mixtures":[217],"also":[222],"phototoxic;":[223],"(iii)":[225],"study":[227],"structure-toxicity":[229],"relationships":[230],"expanded":[233],"cover":[235],"photoreactions":[238],"extrinsic":[240],"factors":[241],"affect":[243],"endpoints.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}