{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2041026751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1993.64.9.900","title":"Gingival Recession in Relation to History of Hard Toothbrush Use","display_name":"Gingival Recession in Relation to History of Hard Toothbrush Use","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2041026751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1993.64.9.900","mag":"2041026751","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8229627"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1902/jop.1993.64.9.900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1993.64.9.900","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1993.64.9.900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58498366","display_name":"Journal of Periodontology","issn_l":"0022-3492","issn":["0022-3492","1049-8885","1943-3670"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Periodontology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030175315","display_name":"Ahmed Khocht","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3226-453X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3226-453X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405286694","display_name":"University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/02tvvmk84","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142","https://openalex.org/I4405286694"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Khocht","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Periodontics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark","Department of Periodontics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Periodontics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405286694"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Periodontics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405286694"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045932416","display_name":"Gary Simon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gary Simon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics and Operative Research, Stern School of Business, New York University, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics and Operative Research, Stern School of Business, New York University, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109895163","display_name":"Philip Person","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip Person","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Testing Laboratories, Great Neck, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Testing Laboratories, Great Neck, NY","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005027827","display_name":"Joseph L. Denepitiya","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph L. Denepitiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Testing Laboratories, Great Neck, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Testing Laboratories, Great Neck, NY","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030175315"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405286694"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4986,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":275,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86815263,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"9","first_page":"900","last_page":"905"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10257","display_name":"Oral microbiology and periodontitis research","score":0.9696999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10257","display_name":"Oral microbiology and periodontitis research","score":0.9696999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10368","display_name":"Dental Health and Care Utilization","score":0.01140000019222498,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13768","display_name":"Oral and gingival health research","score":0.008100000210106373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3611","display_name":"Pharmacy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gingival-recession","display_name":"gingival recession","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toothbrushing-frequency","display_name":"toothbrushing frequency","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-exposure","display_name":"root exposure","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gingival-margin","display_name":"gingival margin","score":0.492000013589859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777077232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964920","display_name":"Gingival recession","level":2,"score":0.8979767560958862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777892068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134205","display_name":"Toothbrush","level":3,"score":0.8167734742164612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.7395431399345398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780074967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5563113","display_name":"Gingival margin","level":2,"score":0.7138669490814209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195742910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176494","display_name":"Recession","level":2,"score":0.6611949801445007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5862799882888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520127","display_name":"Periodontitis","level":2,"score":0.4438975155353546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.4312136471271515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16108499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713927","display_name":"Brush","level":2,"score":0.38950207829475403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.06378167867660522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165556158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83937","display_name":"Keynesian economics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004548","descriptor_name":"Elasticity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005889","descriptor_name":"Gingival Recession","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005889","descriptor_name":"Gingival Recession","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006244","descriptor_name":"Hardness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008334","descriptor_name":"Mandible","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009515","descriptor_name":"New Jersey","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009518","descriptor_name":"New York","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014072","descriptor_name":"Tooth Abrasion","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014072","descriptor_name":"Tooth Abrasion","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014099","descriptor_name":"Toothbrushing","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014099","descriptor_name":"Toothbrushing","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014099","descriptor_name":"Toothbrushing","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017213","descriptor_name":"Root Caries","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017213","descriptor_name":"Root Caries","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1902/jop.1993.64.9.900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1993.64.9.900","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.1993.64.9.900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58498366","display_name":"Journal of Periodontology","issn_l":"0022-3492","issn":["0022-3492","1049-8885","1943-3670"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Periodontology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8229627","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8229627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of periodontology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1790800191","https://openalex.org/W2014296507","https://openalex.org/W2050363923","https://openalex.org/W2069755939","https://openalex.org/W2074017317","https://openalex.org/W2083072482","https://openalex.org/W2138377126","https://openalex.org/W2417415650"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964166678","https://openalex.org/W4293233283","https://openalex.org/W2133260368","https://openalex.org/W137341993","https://openalex.org/W4401096221","https://openalex.org/W7098410825","https://openalex.org/W2527358101","https://openalex.org/W1558795552","https://openalex.org/W2000001870","https://openalex.org/W4405762490"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gingival":[0,67],"recession":[1,68,118,144,207,249],"studies":[2],"in":[3],"the":[4,23,74,81,202,244],"U.S.":[5],"have":[6],"related":[7],"primarily":[8],"to":[9,80,124,138,166,251],"sex":[10],"and":[11,32,41,45,84,108,211],"age":[12,121,133,235],"with":[13,50,117,120,126,172,179,206,214,234,239,248],"little":[14],"consideration":[15],"of":[16,28,37,48,53,62,90,101,115,129,143,175,182,199,204,228,246],"toothbrush":[17,30,92,103,177],"hardness.":[18],"This":[19],"preliminary":[20],"study":[21],"examined":[22],"relation":[24,233],"between":[25,43],"a":[26,51,99,127,173,180,194,209,226],"history":[27,61,100,174,227],"hard":[29,91,102,176,195,200,229],"use":[31,93],"gingival":[33,76],"recession.":[34],"A":[35],"total":[36],"182":[38],"subjects,":[39],"male":[40],"female,":[42],"18":[44,54],"65":[46],"years":[47],"age,":[49],"minimum":[52],"natural":[55],"teeth,":[56],"no":[57],"advanced":[58],"periodontitis":[59],"or":[60],"periodontal":[63],"surgery":[64],"were":[65],"examined.":[66],"was":[69,78,87,94,163,236],"scored":[70],"as":[71],"present":[72],"whenever":[73],"free":[75],"margin":[77],"apical":[79],"cemento-enamel":[82],"junction":[83],"root":[85],"surface":[86],"exposed.":[88],"History":[89],"ascertained.":[95],"Eighty-two":[96],"subjects":[97,116,171],"had":[98,152,191],"use,":[104,178],"77":[105],"did":[106,110,220],"not,":[107],"23":[109],"not":[111,221],"know.":[112],"The":[113,232],"percentage":[114,155,255],"increased":[119],"from":[122],"43%":[123],"81%,":[125],"figure":[128],"63%":[130],"for":[131,170,188,223],"all":[132],"groups":[134],"combined.":[135],"Males":[136],"tended":[137],"show":[139],"slightly":[140],"greater":[141],"levels":[142],"than":[145,160],"females.":[146],"Regression":[147],"analysis":[148,241],"showed":[149,208],"that":[150,243],"females":[151],"about":[153,253],"4":[154],"points":[156,256],"less":[157],"receded":[158,184],"surfaces":[159,185,205,247],"males.":[161],"Recession":[162],"also":[164],"found":[165],"be":[167],"more":[168],"pronounced":[169],"mean":[181],"9.4%":[183],"versus":[186],"4.7%":[187],"those":[189,224],"who":[190],"never":[192],"used":[193],"brush.":[196],"For":[197],"users":[198],"toothbrushes,":[201],"percent":[203,245],"significant":[210],"dramatic":[212],"increase":[213,252],"increasing":[215],"brushing":[216],"frequency;":[217],"this":[218],"effect":[219],"exist":[222],"without":[225],"brush":[230],"use.":[231],"highly":[237],"significant,":[238],"regression":[240],"showing":[242],"tends":[250],"3.5":[254],"per":[257],"decade.(ABSTRACT":[258],"TRUNCATED":[259],"AT":[260],"250":[261],"WORDS)":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":20}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}