{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2040864159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.1991.9914687","title":"Sex Differences, Social Desirability, Masculinity, and the Tendency to Worry","display_name":"Sex Differences, Social Desirability, Masculinity, and the Tendency to Worry","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2040864159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.1991.9914687","mag":"2040864159","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1797980"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00221325.1991.9914687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.1991.9914687","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.1991.9914687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90160718","display_name":"The Journal of Genetic Psychology","issn_l":"0022-1325","issn":["0022-1325","1940-0896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Genetic Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044769117","display_name":"Stewart J. H. McCann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4123-448X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4123-448X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10213569","display_name":"Cape Breton University","ror":"https://ror.org/052y05165","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10213569"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stewart J. H. Mccann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University College of Cape Breton, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University College of Cape Breton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10213569"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110130731","display_name":"Leonard L. Stewin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonard L. Stewin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006830275","display_name":"Robert H. Short","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert H. Short","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6034,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74376636,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"152","issue":"3","first_page":"295","last_page":"301"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.9320999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.9320999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11888","display_name":"Gender Roles and Identity Studies","score":0.06430000066757202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11040","display_name":"Personality Traits and Psychology","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/worry","display_name":"worry","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-desirability","display_name":"social desirability","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/masculinity","display_name":"masculinity","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/femininity","display_name":"femininity","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trait-anxiety","display_name":"trait anxiety","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-role-attitudes","display_name":"sex-role attitudes","score":0.4410000145435333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779978724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436482","display_name":"Worry","level":3,"score":0.9729883670806885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779103072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076509","display_name":"Masculinity","level":2,"score":0.7946810722351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7938867807388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993202890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727558","display_name":"Social desirability","level":2,"score":0.7617200613021851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106934330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971873","display_name":"Trait","level":2,"score":0.6207437515258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778868352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866081","display_name":"Femininity","level":2,"score":0.6039352416992188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.5622689723968506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4811595678329468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4015030860900879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.38947898149490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.052434176206588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001007","descriptor_name":"Anxiety","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005783","descriptor_name":"Gender Identity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010555","descriptor_name":"Personality Inventory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011340","descriptor_name":"Problem Solving","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012928","descriptor_name":"Social Desirability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00221325.1991.9914687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.1991.9914687","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.1991.9914687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90160718","display_name":"The Journal of Genetic Psychology","issn_l":"0022-1325","issn":["0022-1325","1940-0896"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Genetic Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1797980","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1797980","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of genetic psychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524590899","https://openalex.org/W1607171655","https://openalex.org/W1999386470","https://openalex.org/W2042035715","https://openalex.org/W2051299354","https://openalex.org/W2052513172","https://openalex.org/W2099068279","https://openalex.org/W2104825385"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2182911328","https://openalex.org/W2009758190","https://openalex.org/W2789415111","https://openalex.org/W1989990228","https://openalex.org/W7028670107","https://openalex.org/W2151372853","https://openalex.org/W2113306856","https://openalex.org/W2069290179","https://openalex.org/W2278151269","https://openalex.org/W2105017403"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Relationships":[0],"between":[1],"worry":[2,28,66,71,97,117],"and":[3,9,56,70,79,108,129],"sex":[4,93,111],"differences,":[5],"social":[6,77,106,127],"desirability,":[7,128],"masculinity,":[8],"femininity":[10],"were":[11,17,118],"explored":[12],"in":[13,95,105,113],"this":[14],"study.":[15],"Data":[16],"obtained":[18],"from":[19],"141":[20],"undergraduates":[21],"who":[22],"answered":[23],"a":[24,27],"questionnaire":[25],"containing":[26],"scale,":[29],"the":[30,36,42,47,114],"Crowne-Marlowe":[31],"(1964)":[32],"Social":[33],"Desirability":[34],"Scale,":[35],"Bem":[37],"(1974)":[38],"Sex":[39],"Role":[40],"Inventory,":[41],"Trait":[43],"Anxiety":[44,49],"scale":[45],"of":[46,65],"State-Trait":[48],"Inventory":[50],"(Spielberger,":[51],"Gorsuch,":[52],"&":[53],"Lushene,":[54],"1970),":[55],"several":[57],"demographic":[58],"items.":[59],"Women":[60],"reported":[61,96],"significantly":[62,73],"higher":[63],"levels":[64],"than":[67],"men":[68],"did,":[69],"was":[72],"correlated":[74],"with":[75,80,85],"lower":[76,81],"desirability":[78,107],"masculinity":[82,130],"but":[83],"not":[84,119],"femininity.":[86],"However,":[87],"multiple":[88],"regression":[89],"strategies":[90],"revealed":[91],"that":[92],"differences":[94,112],"cannot":[98],"be":[99],"accounted":[100],"for":[101,124],"solely":[102],"by":[103,121],"variations":[104],"masculinity.":[109],"Also,":[110],"tendency":[115],"to":[116],"eliminated":[120],"statistically":[122],"controlling":[123],"trait":[125],"anxiety,":[126],"simultaneously.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
