{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2040331663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.18.8349-8357.2000","title":"CD28 Costimulatory Blockade Exacerbates Disease Severity and Accelerates Epitope Spreading in a Virus-Induced Autoimmune Disease","display_name":"CD28 Costimulatory Blockade Exacerbates Disease Severity and Accelerates Epitope Spreading in a Virus-Induced Autoimmune Disease","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2040331663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.18.8349-8357.2000","mag":"2040331663","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10954534"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1128/jvi.74.18.8349-8357.2000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.18.8349-8357.2000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.18.8349-8357.2000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96615428","display_name":"Journal of Virology","issn_l":"0022-538X","issn":["0022-538X","1070-6321","1098-5514"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Virology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/116345","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046087167","display_name":"Katherine L. Neville","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katherine L. Neville","raw_affiliation_strings":["<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Microbiology-Immunology1 and","Departments of Microbiology-Immunology1 and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Microbiology-Immunology1 and","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Microbiology-Immunology1 and","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105985397","display_name":"Mauro C. Dal Canto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauro C. Dal Canto","raw_affiliation_strings":["<!--label omitted: 2-->Pathology,2 Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, and","Pathology,2 Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Pathology,2 Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pathology,2 Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028331971","display_name":"Jeffrey A. Bluestone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8793-7848","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8793-7848"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey A. Bluestone","raw_affiliation_strings":["<!--label omitted: 3-->The Ben May Institute for Cancer Research and the Committee of Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 606373","The Ben May Institute for Cancer Research and the Committee of Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 606373"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"<!--label omitted: 3-->The Ben May Institute for Cancer Research and the Committee of Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 606373","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ben May Institute for Cancer Research and the Committee of Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 606373","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101629302","display_name":"Stephen D. Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9556-0718","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9556-0718"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen D. Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Microbiology-Immunology1 and","Departments of Microbiology-Immunology1 and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Microbiology-Immunology1 and","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Microbiology-Immunology1 and","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0377,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76663525,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"18","first_page":"8349","last_page":"8357"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10137","display_name":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10137","display_name":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10308","display_name":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd28-b7-costimulation","display_name":"CD28/B7 costimulation","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theiler-s-murine-encephalomyelitis-virus","display_name":"Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epitope-spreading","display_name":"epitope spreading","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-sclerosis-model","display_name":"multiple sclerosis model","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demyelination","display_name":"demyelination","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myelin-specific-t-cells","display_name":"myelin-specific T cells","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oligodendrocyte-injury","display_name":"oligodendrocyte damage","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-severity","display_name":"disease severity","score":0.3070000112056732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195616568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128711","display_name":"Epitope","level":3,"score":0.7467039823532104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.7029468417167664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6856142282485962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780640218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8277","display_name":"Multiple sclerosis","level":2,"score":0.6192626357078552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778531937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1186703","display_name":"Demyelinating disease","level":3,"score":0.5413423180580139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778609137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105790271","display_name":"Myelin","level":3,"score":0.5406377911567688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529","display_name":"T cell","level":3,"score":0.5224049091339111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.5199081301689148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.5015850067138672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.4831359088420868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778486448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q494066","display_name":"Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","level":3,"score":0.47539934515953064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.45140162110328674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410974","display_name":"Myelin basic protein","level":4,"score":0.45026472210884094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.2300378382205963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000906","descriptor_name":"Antibodies","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000906","descriptor_name":"Antibodies","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000906","descriptor_name":"Antibodies","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000917","descriptor_name":"Antibody Formation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000917","descriptor_name":"Antibody Formation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000917","descriptor_name":"Antibody Formation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002455","descriptor_name":"Cell Division","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002455","descriptor_name":"Cell Division","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002455","descriptor_name":"Cell Division","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004195","descriptor_name":"Disease Models, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004195","descriptor_name":"Disease Models, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004195","descriptor_name":"Disease Models, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005434","descriptor_name":"Flow Cytometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005434","descriptor_name":"Flow Cytometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005434","descriptor_name":"Flow Cytometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008562","descriptor_name":"Membrane Glycoproteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008562","descriptor_name":"Membrane Glycoproteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008562","descriptor_name":"Membrane Glycoproteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008562","descriptor_name":"Membrane Glycoproteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008562","descriptor_name":"Membrane Glycoproteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008562","descriptor_name":"Membrane Glycoproteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008815","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred Strains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008815","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred Strains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008815","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred Strains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009103","descriptor_name":"Multiple Sclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009103","descriptor_name":"Multiple Sclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009103","descriptor_name":"Multiple Sclerosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009186","descriptor_name":"Myelin Sheath","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009186","descriptor_name":"Myelin Sheath","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009186","descriptor_name":"Myelin Sheath","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010948","descriptor_name":"Viral Plaque Assay","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010948","descriptor_name":"Viral Plaque Assay","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010948","descriptor_name":"Viral Plaque Assay","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013601","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013601","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013601","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013601","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013601","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013601","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015703","descriptor_name":"Antigens, CD","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015703","descriptor_name":"Antigens, CD","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015703","descriptor_name":"Antigens, CD","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015703","descriptor_name":"Antigens, CD","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015703","descriptor_name":"Antigens, CD","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015703","descriptor_name":"Antigens, CD","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016207","descriptor_name":"Cytokines","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016207","descriptor_name":"Cytokines","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016207","descriptor_name":"Cytokines","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017945","descriptor_name":"Theilovirus","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017945","descriptor_name":"Theilovirus","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017945","descriptor_name":"Theilovirus","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018106","descriptor_name":"CD28 Antigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018106","descriptor_name":"CD28 Antigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018106","descriptor_name":"CD28 Antigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018122","descriptor_name":"B7-1 Antigen","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018122","descriptor_name":"B7-1 Antigen","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018122","descriptor_name":"B7-1 Antigen","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018122","descriptor_name":"B7-1 Antigen","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018122","descriptor_name":"B7-1 Antigen","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018122","descriptor_name":"B7-1 Antigen","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018188","descriptor_name":"Cardiovirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018188","descriptor_name":"Cardiovirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018188","descriptor_name":"Cardiovirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018188","descriptor_name":"Cardiovirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018188","descriptor_name":"Cardiovirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018188","descriptor_name":"Cardiovirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018984","descriptor_name":"Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018984","descriptor_name":"Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018984","descriptor_name":"Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019562","descriptor_name":"Viral Load","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019562","descriptor_name":"Viral Load","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019562","descriptor_name":"Viral Load","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020278","descriptor_name":"Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020278","descriptor_name":"Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020278","descriptor_name":"Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020278","descriptor_name":"Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020278","descriptor_name":"Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020278","descriptor_name":"Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051940","descriptor_name":"B7-2 Antigen","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051940","descriptor_name":"B7-2 Antigen","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051940","descriptor_name":"B7-2 Antigen","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1128/jvi.74.18.8349-8357.2000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.18.8349-8357.2000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.18.8349-8357.2000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96615428","display_name":"Journal of Virology","issn_l":"0022-538X","issn":["0022-538X","1070-6321","1098-5514"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Virology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10954534","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10954534","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of virology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:116345","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/116345","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Virol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:116345","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/116345","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Virol","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.7599999904632568}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3100243555","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NS 34819","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5414290911","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NS-23349","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5907371775","display_name":"CNS Damage from Theiler's Virus Persistence: MS Model","funder_award_id":"P01NS023349","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6755124913","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 NS034819","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332505","display_name":"U.S. Public Health Service","ror":"https://ror.org/05xf94514"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480906008","https://openalex.org/W1491807079","https://openalex.org/W1508020795","https://openalex.org/W1509644032","https://openalex.org/W1516750105","https://openalex.org/W1517758150","https://openalex.org/W1522327215","https://openalex.org/W1539776265","https://openalex.org/W1551639690","https://openalex.org/W1720334587","https://openalex.org/W1722499684","https://openalex.org/W1977247583","https://openalex.org/W1977648060","https://openalex.org/W1982029510","https://openalex.org/W1983875887","https://openalex.org/W1990080583","https://openalex.org/W1994688157","https://openalex.org/W1996947351","https://openalex.org/W2008304542","https://openalex.org/W2021012522","https://openalex.org/W2026005120","https://openalex.org/W2027501885","https://openalex.org/W2034523279","https://openalex.org/W2037374883","https://openalex.org/W2053432732","https://openalex.org/W2054930691","https://openalex.org/W2064330095","https://openalex.org/W2074051982","https://openalex.org/W2076092356","https://openalex.org/W2077389439","https://openalex.org/W2079336414","https://openalex.org/W2091601326","https://openalex.org/W2099313169","https://openalex.org/W2107426014","https://openalex.org/W2116787308","https://openalex.org/W2121896042","https://openalex.org/W2129090607","https://openalex.org/W2135271976","https://openalex.org/W2138212565","https://openalex.org/W2140066663","https://openalex.org/W2152375760","https://openalex.org/W2156275072","https://openalex.org/W2161530562","https://openalex.org/W2402308125","https://openalex.org/W2417831761","https://openalex.org/W2749623530"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087355971","https://openalex.org/W1499113280","https://openalex.org/W2035718450","https://openalex.org/W2060132222","https://openalex.org/W2531083419","https://openalex.org/W1930564615","https://openalex.org/W1969576545","https://openalex.org/W2377679890","https://openalex.org/W2090613411","https://openalex.org/W2916098008"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Theiler's":[0],"murine":[1,146],"encephalomyelitis":[2],"virus":[3,67,175,251],"(TMEV)":[4],"is":[5,38,56,71],"a":[6,12,42,62,66,150,211,222],"natural":[7],"mouse":[8],"pathogen":[9],"which":[10,55],"causes":[11],"lifelong":[13],"persistent":[14,250],"infection":[15,144],"of":[16,65,103,124,131,136,142,152,179,199,213,217,236],"the":[17,48,101,129,140,200,214,233],"central":[18],"nervous":[19],"system":[20],"(CNS)":[21],"accompanied":[22],"by":[23,73],"T-cell-mediated":[24],"myelin":[25,86,206,218],"destruction":[26],"leading":[27,220],"to":[28,40,58,94,110,118,184,194,205,221,240],"chronic,":[29],"progressive":[30],"hind":[31],"limb":[32],"paralysis.":[33],"TMEV-induced":[34],"demyelinating":[35],"disease":[36,51,96,160,226],"(TMEV-IDD)":[37],"considered":[39],"be":[41,59],"highly":[43],"relevant":[44],"animal":[45],"model":[46],"for":[47],"human":[49,242],"autoimmune":[50,133,243],"multiple":[52],"sclerosis":[53],"(MS),":[54],"thought":[57],"initiated":[60,72],"as":[61,210],"secondary":[63],"consequence":[64],"infection.":[68,176],"Although":[69],"TMEV-IDD":[70],"virus-specific":[74,180],"CD4(+)":[75,81],"T":[76],"cells":[77],"targeting":[78],"CNS-persistent":[79],"virus,":[80],"T-cell":[82,167],"responses":[83,170,182],"against":[84,106],"self":[85],"protein":[87],"epitopes":[88,207,219],"activated":[89],"via":[90],"epitope":[91,203],"spreading":[92,204],"contribute":[93],"chronic":[95,113,225],"pathogenesis.":[97],"We":[98],"thus":[99],"examined":[100],"ability":[102],"antibodies":[104,156],"directed":[105],"B7":[107],"costimulatory":[108,126,201,238],"molecules":[109],"regulate":[111],"this":[112],"virus-induced":[114],"immunopathologic":[115],"process.":[116],"Contrary":[117],"previous":[119],"studies":[120],"showing":[121],"that":[122],"blockade":[123,163,239],"B7-CD28":[125,237],"interactions":[127],"inhibit":[128],"initiation":[130],"experimental":[132],"encephalomyelitis,":[134],"treatment":[135],"SJL":[137],"mice":[138],"at":[139],"time":[141],"TMEV":[143],"with":[145,247],"CTLA-4":[147],"immunoglobulin":[148],"or":[149,249],"combination":[151],"anti-B7-1":[153],"and":[154,168],"anti-B7-2":[155],"significantly":[157,185],"enhanced":[158],"clinical":[159],"severity.":[161],"Costimulatory":[162],"inhibited":[164],"early":[165],"TMEV-specific":[166],"antibody":[169],"critical":[171],"in":[172,191],"clearing":[173],"peripheral":[174],"The":[177],"inhibition":[178],"immune":[181],"led":[183],"increased":[186,192,215],"CNS":[187],"viral":[188],"titers":[189],"resulting":[190],"damage":[193],"myelin-producing":[195],"oligodendrocytes.":[196],"Following":[197],"clearance":[198],"antagonists,":[202],"was":[208],"accelerated":[209],"result":[212],"availability":[216],"more":[223],"severe":[224],"course.":[227],"Our":[228],"results":[229],"raise":[230],"concern":[231],"about":[232],"potential":[234],"use":[235],"treat":[241],"diseases":[244],"potentially":[245],"associated":[246],"acute":[248],"infections.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-15T10:00:46.086208","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
