{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2040307192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.73.6.1087","title":"Pacing in perspective: concepts and controversies.","display_name":"Pacing in perspective: concepts and controversies.","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2040307192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.73.6.1087","mag":"2040307192","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3516446"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1161/01.cir.73.6.1087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.73.6.1087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.73.6.1087","pdf_url":"https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/01.CIR.73.6.1087","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116251202","display_name":"Circulation","issn_l":"0009-7322","issn":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/01.CIR.73.6.1087","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090279359","display_name":"Victor Parsonnet","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142476485","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique","ror":"https://ror.org/05hy3tk52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142476485","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V Parsonnet","raw_affiliation_strings":["V Parsonnet"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"V Parsonnet","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142476485"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113916169","display_name":"Alan D. Bernstein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A D Bernstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["A D Bernstein"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A D Bernstein","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6478,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92724621,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"6","first_page":"1087","last_page":"1093"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10598","display_name":"Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10598","display_name":"Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11649","display_name":"Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2910","display_name":"Issues, ethics and legal aspects"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14396","display_name":"Healthcare Regulation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-pacing","display_name":"cardiac pacing","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicare-reimbursement","display_name":"Medicare reimbursement","score":0.6919999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8519287109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776034619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3428020","display_name":"Cardiac resynchronization therapy","level":4,"score":0.7589201927185059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777795826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954202","display_name":"Defibrillation","level":2,"score":0.7356113791465759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6464863419532776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.6203141808509827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q594446","display_name":"Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator","level":2,"score":0.5224546194076538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778002379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19596763","display_name":"Defibrillation threshold","level":3,"score":0.5083228945732117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778198053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181754","display_name":"Heart failure","level":2,"score":0.4136011302471161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78085059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641303","display_name":"Ejection fraction","level":3,"score":0.3129698932170868}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001145","descriptor_name":"Arrhythmias, Cardiac","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001145","descriptor_name":"Arrhythmias, Cardiac","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001145","descriptor_name":"Arrhythmias, Cardiac","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002304","descriptor_name":"Cardiac Pacing, Artificial","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002304","descriptor_name":"Cardiac Pacing, Artificial","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002568","descriptor_name":"Certification","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003363","descriptor_name":"Cost Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004567","descriptor_name":"Electrodes, Implanted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004594","descriptor_name":"Electrophysiology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005500","descriptor_name":"Follow-Up Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010138","descriptor_name":"Pacemaker, Artificial","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010138","descriptor_name":"Pacemaker, Artificial","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010819","descriptor_name":"Physician's Role","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1161/01.cir.73.6.1087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.73.6.1087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.73.6.1087","pdf_url":"https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/01.CIR.73.6.1087","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116251202","display_name":"Circulation","issn_l":"0009-7322","issn":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:3516446","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3516446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1161/01.cir.73.6.1087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.73.6.1087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.73.6.1087","pdf_url":"https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/01.CIR.73.6.1087","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116251202","display_name":"Circulation","issn_l":"0009-7322","issn":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4043000042438507,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2040307192.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2040307192.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965172338","https://openalex.org/W1966907759","https://openalex.org/W2002262383","https://openalex.org/W2002443492","https://openalex.org/W2027106142","https://openalex.org/W2047721095","https://openalex.org/W2049527024","https://openalex.org/W2063199163","https://openalex.org/W2066838775","https://openalex.org/W2105348229"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2399230747","https://openalex.org/W2472851274","https://openalex.org/W2063199163","https://openalex.org/W2100206266","https://openalex.org/W2418594003","https://openalex.org/W2079425700","https://openalex.org/W2140896268","https://openalex.org/W4256365480","https://openalex.org/W2044783670","https://openalex.org/W2412872277"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"CARDIAC":[0],"PACING":[1],"is":[2,105,140],"only":[3],"a":[4,7,78,260],"quarter":[5],"of":[6,37,46,73,101,111,114,128,154,162,168,259],"century":[8],"old,":[9],"and":[10,19,41,116,132,175,265],"during":[11],"its":[12,38],"first":[13],"20":[14],"years":[15],"it":[16,104],"enjoyed":[17],"meteoric":[18],"unbridled":[20],"growth.During":[21],"the":[22,27,68,85,89,102,109,112,118,126,129,150,185,193,200,210,257],"past":[23],"5":[24],"years,":[25],"however,":[26],"practice":[28],"has":[29],"been":[30,62],"attacked":[31],"from":[32,42],"within":[33],"by":[34,44,218,223],"criti-":[35],"cisms":[36],"medical":[39,239],"applications":[40],"without":[43],"accusations":[45],"flamboyant":[47],"advertising,":[48],"excessive":[49],"prof-":[50],"its,":[51],"unacceptable":[52],"management":[53],"practices,":[54],"and,":[55,87],"in":[56,84,149,184,209],"some":[57,100],"cases,":[58],"fraud.These":[59],"claims":[60],"have":[61],"made":[63],"into":[64],"political":[65],"issues,":[66],"with":[67,157,204],"\"industrial-professional":[69],"complex\"":[70],"being":[71,216],"accused":[72],"wasting":[74],"three":[75],"billion":[76],"dollars":[77],"year.'":[79],"To":[80],"identify":[81],"important":[82],"developments":[83],"field":[86],"at":[88],"same":[90],"time,":[91],"to":[92,107],"determine":[93],"rationally":[94],"whether":[95],"any":[96],"justification":[97],"exists":[98],"for":[99,195,238,247],"accusations,":[103],"necessary":[106],"review":[108],"state":[110],"art":[113],"pacing":[115,138,169,248],"examine":[117],"facts":[119],"objectively.Only":[120],"then":[121],"can":[122],"one":[123],"ap-":[124],"preciate":[125],"extent":[127],"existing":[130],"problems":[131],"con-":[133],"template":[134],"their":[135,224],"potential":[136],"solutions.The":[137],"industry":[139],"small.The":[141],"largest":[142],"manufac-":[143],"turer":[144],"(Medtronic,":[145],"Inc.)":[146],"ranks":[147],"496th":[148],"\"Fortune":[151],"500\"":[152],"list":[153],"American":[155],"industries,":[156],"net":[158],"pacemaker":[159,189,219],"sales":[160],"worldwide":[161],"approximately":[163,178,201,242],"$280":[164],"million.The":[165],"total":[166],"cost":[167],"includes":[170],"devices,":[171],"hospitalization,":[172],"physicians'":[173],"fees,":[174],"follow-up.In":[176],"1981":[177],"118,000":[179],"pulse":[180],"generators":[181],"were":[182],"implanted":[183],"United":[186,211],"States.2The":[187],"major":[188],"manufacturers":[190],"estimate":[191],"that":[192],"figure":[194],"1985":[196],"will":[197],"be":[198],"90,000.Of":[199],"500,000":[202],"patients":[203],"permanent":[205],"pace-":[206],"makers":[207],"living":[208],"States,":[212],"about":[213,263],"90%":[214],"are":[215,233],"followed":[217],"surveillance":[220],"services":[221],"or":[222,236,253],"own":[225],"private":[226],"physicians.Medicare,":[227],"which":[228],"re-":[229],"imburses":[230],"individuals":[231],"who":[232],"age":[234],"65":[235],"older":[237],"services,":[240],"pays":[241],"$775":[243],"million":[244],"annual-":[245],"ly":[246],"therapy.Because":[249],"each":[250],"primary":[251],"implantation":[252],"pulse-generator":[254],"replacement":[255],"involves":[256],"purchase":[258],"device,":[261],"information":[262],"costs":[264]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
