{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2040200260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13016/m4rk-jit0","title":"Disparities in Diabetes-Related Hospitalizations: Relationship of Age, Sex, and Race/Ethnicity with Hospital Discharges, Lengths of Stay, and Direct inpatient Charges","display_name":"Disparities in Diabetes-Related Hospitalizations: Relationship of Age, Sex, and Race/Ethnicity with Hospital Discharges, Lengths of Stay, and Direct inpatient Charges","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2040200260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13016/m4rk-jit0","mag":"2040200260","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16599360"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:16599360","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16599360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethnicity & disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1903/25713","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066496796","display_name":"Curtiss Bela Cook","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5885-9959","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5885-9959"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125099","display_name":"Mayo Clinic in Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03jp40720","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723","https://openalex.org/I4210125099"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cook, Curtiss B.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029305467","display_name":"Dorothy B. Naylor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naylor, Dorothy B.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067225728","display_name":"Joseph G. Hentz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9677-2042","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9677-2042"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hentz, Joseph G.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101527059","display_name":"William Johnson Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8740-3165","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8740-3165"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miller, William J.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040141130","display_name":"Circe W. Tsui","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsui, Circe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110227001","display_name":"David C. Ziemer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziemer, David C.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070943287","display_name":"Lance A. Waller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5002-8886","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5002-8886"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waller, Lance A.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1278,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8667299,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"126","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.4253000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.4253000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.14550000429153442,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10793","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Education","score":0.10859999805688858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-and-ethnic-disparities","display_name":"racial and ethnic disparities","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-differences","display_name":"age differences","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/length-of-hospital-stay","display_name":"length of hospital stay","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-charges","display_name":"hospital charges","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-discharge-rates","display_name":"hospital discharge rates","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-hispanic-black-patients","display_name":"non-Hispanic Black patients","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hispanic-patients","display_name":"Hispanic patients","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/georgia","display_name":"Georgia","score":0.6779999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8479767441749573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.7198134660720825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.7176530957221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.641627848148346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779159551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414874","display_name":"Comorbidity","level":2,"score":0.6174274682998657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017624810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3259564","display_name":"Hospital discharge","level":2,"score":0.5520970821380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4180958569049835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779195980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5691206","display_name":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project","level":3,"score":0.4134283661842346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.37677139043807983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.29577845335006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.193450927734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003920","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005845","descriptor_name":"Georgia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007902","descriptor_name":"Length of Stay","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010351","descriptor_name":"Patient Discharge","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017722","descriptor_name":"Hospital Charges","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:16599360","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16599360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethnicity & disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:drum.lib.umd.edu:1903/25713","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13016/m4rk-jit0","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1903/25713","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401518","display_name":"University Libraries (University of Maryland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","host_organization_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.623.9029","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.623.9029","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ishib.org/ED/journal/16-1/ethn-16-01-126.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.13016/m4rk-jit0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13016/m4rk-jit0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13016/m4rk-jit0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402644","display_name":"Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (University of Maryland College Park)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","host_organization_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:2040200260","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16599360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:drum.lib.umd.edu:1903/25713","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13016/m4rk-jit0","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1903/25713","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401518","display_name":"University Libraries (University of Maryland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","host_organization_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.9629999995231628}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2040200260.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2040200260.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55777978","https://openalex.org/W1607440587","https://openalex.org/W1918881530","https://openalex.org/W1978000640","https://openalex.org/W1992007649","https://openalex.org/W2001374550","https://openalex.org/W2003366444","https://openalex.org/W2009019099","https://openalex.org/W2023046312","https://openalex.org/W2040690636","https://openalex.org/W2045117178","https://openalex.org/W2046635118","https://openalex.org/W2060151575","https://openalex.org/W2078634515","https://openalex.org/W2090895117","https://openalex.org/W2099988998","https://openalex.org/W2126115073","https://openalex.org/W2142313655","https://openalex.org/W2161086857","https://openalex.org/W2566143251","https://openalex.org/W3122152400"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2400931586","https://openalex.org/W7097680925","https://openalex.org/W2047010889","https://openalex.org/W1974618612","https://openalex.org/W2210919522","https://openalex.org/W2003366444","https://openalex.org/W4237918986","https://openalex.org/W2474069466","https://openalex.org/W2810662505","https://openalex.org/W2738586196"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"identify":[2],"any":[3],"differences":[4],"in":[5,77,165],"hospitalization":[6,42,149],"rates":[7,54],"of":[8,20,36,47,85,170,185,194],"diabetes":[9,146,176],"patients":[10],"by":[11,66,160],"age,":[12,67,81,161],"sex,":[13,68,162],"or":[14,95],"race/ethnicity.":[15,70],"DESIGN:":[16],"A":[17],"cross-sectional":[18],"study":[19,179],"Georgia":[21],"hospital":[22,166],"discharge":[23,34,102,167],"data":[24,43],"between":[25],"1998":[26],"and":[27,61,69,106,120,138,153,163,172,188],"2001.":[28],"PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS:":[29],"Patients":[30],"with":[31,145],"a":[32],"principal":[33,75],"diagnosis":[35,76],"diabetes.":[37],"MAIN":[38],"OUTCOME":[39],"MEASURES:":[40],"Adjusted":[41],"(discharge":[44],"rates,":[45,103,150,168],"length":[46,84],"stay,":[48,86,171],"direct":[49],"charges)":[50],"reported":[51],"as":[52,132],"standardized":[53,58,62],"per":[55],"10,000":[56],"person-years,":[57],"rate":[59,63],"differences,":[60],"ratios,":[64],"compared":[65],"RESULTS:":[71],"Diabetes":[72],"was":[73],"the":[74],"50,301":[78],"discharges":[79],"(average":[80],"51":[82],"years;":[83],"5.1":[87],"days;":[88],"median":[89],"total":[90],"charge,":[91],"$5893).":[92],"Persons":[93],">":[94],"=":[96],"60":[97],"years":[98,112],"old":[99],"had":[100,115,127,147],"higher":[101,107,139],"longer":[104,136],"stays,":[105,119,137,152],"charges":[108,122,140,155,173],"than":[109,123,129,141,156],"persons":[110],"18-29":[111],"old.":[113],"Women":[114],"fewer":[116],"hospitalizations,":[117,134],"shorter":[118,151],"lower":[121,148,154],"men.":[124],"Non-Hispanic":[125],"Blacks":[126],"more":[128],"three":[130],"times":[131],"many":[133],"markedly":[135],"non-Hispanic":[142],"Whites.":[143,157],"Hispanics":[144],"CONCLUSIONS:":[158],"Differences":[159],"race/ethnicity":[164],"lengths":[169],"exist":[174],"for":[175],"inpatients.":[177],"Further":[178],"should":[180],"examine":[181],"potential":[182],"causes":[183],"(severity":[184],"disease,":[186],"comorbidity,":[187],"differential":[189],"access":[190],"to":[191],"preventive":[192],"care)":[193],"these":[195],"disparities.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}