{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2040056035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(71)90029-x","title":"Ungrammatical grammar in pattern recognition","display_name":"Ungrammatical grammar in pattern recognition","publication_year":1971,"publication_date":"1971-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2040056035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(71)90029-x","mag":"2040056035"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0031-3203(71)90029-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(71)90029-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(71)90029-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061501252","display_name":"Satosi Watanab\u00e9","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331384533","display_name":"University of Hawaii System","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzaeb71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Satosi Watanabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hawaii Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hawaii Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899","https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061501252"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899","https://openalex.org/I1331384533"],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2590},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":37.2993,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99452754,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"385","last_page":"408"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.2215999960899353,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.2215999960899353,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.13429999351501465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.05869999900460243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production-rules","display_name":"production rules","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gestalt","display_name":"Gestalt","score":0.46700000762939453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5759344100952148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.5101328492164612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.495307594537735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.47261881828308105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4086046814918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.39502638578414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.27971014380455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0031-3203(71)90029-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(71)90029-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(71)90029-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1061495","https://openalex.org/W6819711","https://openalex.org/W91488207","https://openalex.org/W109897293","https://openalex.org/W205043379","https://openalex.org/W1503526370","https://openalex.org/W1587446455","https://openalex.org/W1630226185","https://openalex.org/W1991960134","https://openalex.org/W2015060138","https://openalex.org/W2016146326","https://openalex.org/W2051971320","https://openalex.org/W2070792131","https://openalex.org/W2085089824","https://openalex.org/W2155361504","https://openalex.org/W2157456528","https://openalex.org/W2158240273","https://openalex.org/W2325945350","https://openalex.org/W2329396889","https://openalex.org/W2562885196","https://openalex.org/W2798453649","https://openalex.org/W3035958525","https://openalex.org/W3082515579","https://openalex.org/W4249405967","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6604509151","https://openalex.org/W6636652502"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088909390","https://openalex.org/W6995667815","https://openalex.org/W4233968915","https://openalex.org/W7098196384","https://openalex.org/W3021802222","https://openalex.org/W3140295690","https://openalex.org/W4386706120","https://openalex.org/W1545658277","https://openalex.org/W2029158694","https://openalex.org/W3026992881"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}