{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2039973045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2014.986153","title":"The Economic Cost of Gender Gaps in Effective Labor: Africa's Missing Growth Reserve","display_name":"The Economic Cost of Gender Gaps in Effective Labor: Africa's Missing Growth Reserve","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2039973045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2014.986153","mag":"2039973045"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13545701.2014.986153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2014.986153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2014.986153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148397273","display_name":"Feminist Economics","issn_l":"1354-5701","issn":["1354-5701","1466-4372"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Feminist Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024230786","display_name":"Amarakoon Bandara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6648-2573","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6648-2573"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107145371","display_name":"United Nations Development Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/051777d98","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107145371","https://openalex.org/I1286959531","https://openalex.org/I2801247003"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amarakoon Bandara","raw_affiliation_strings":["United Nations Development Programme, Block 10 Arundel Office Park, Norfolk Road, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United Nations Development Programme, Block 10 Arundel Office Park, Norfolk Road, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107145371"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024230786"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107145371"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.0509,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97635112,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"2","first_page":"162","last_page":"186"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.010900000110268593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13867","display_name":"Economic Growth and Development","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-force-participation","display_name":"labor force participation","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-education","display_name":"women's education","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth-potential","display_name":"economic growth potential","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-reserves","display_name":"growth reserves","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-losses","display_name":"economic losses","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sub-saharan-africa","display_name":"sub-Saharan Africa","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/africa","display_name":"Africa","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asia","display_name":"Asia","score":0.43700000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-employment","display_name":"women's employment","score":0.5239999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986619947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30103150","display_name":"Gender gap","level":2,"score":0.6834200620651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6277539730072021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.4728829264640808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019281177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771405","display_name":"South asia","level":2,"score":0.41463935375213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.4073891341686249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.35980910062789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.08172142505645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2549261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43455","display_name":"Ethnology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13545701.2014.986153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2014.986153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2014.986153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148397273","display_name":"Feminist Economics","issn_l":"1354-5701","issn":["1354-5701","1466-4372"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Feminist Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:femeco:v:21:y:2015:i:2:p:162-186","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13545701.2014.986153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bibliotheques-specialisees.paris.fr:p::usmarcdef_0002006544","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bibliotheques-specialisees.paris.fr/ark:/73873/pf0002006544","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"},{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"score":0.9629999995231628,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.41670000553131104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W261652488","https://openalex.org/W570143520","https://openalex.org/W652880602","https://openalex.org/W1515665015","https://openalex.org/W1538443123","https://openalex.org/W1752160705","https://openalex.org/W1965707663","https://openalex.org/W1969886729","https://openalex.org/W1975890577","https://openalex.org/W1976525249","https://openalex.org/W1990580613","https://openalex.org/W1990789699","https://openalex.org/W1995711602","https://openalex.org/W2003620703","https://openalex.org/W2023753941","https://openalex.org/W2025610165","https://openalex.org/W2027382631","https://openalex.org/W2035554302","https://openalex.org/W2037238221","https://openalex.org/W2039026268","https://openalex.org/W2048632940","https://openalex.org/W2049281463","https://openalex.org/W2052378056","https://openalex.org/W2052791218","https://openalex.org/W2053504955","https://openalex.org/W2062423352","https://openalex.org/W2063713172","https://openalex.org/W2068893248","https://openalex.org/W2071434239","https://openalex.org/W2072631301","https://openalex.org/W2074046543","https://openalex.org/W2076135196","https://openalex.org/W2081668237","https://openalex.org/W2081997277","https://openalex.org/W2087476009","https://openalex.org/W2090881916","https://openalex.org/W2096988944","https://openalex.org/W2120176799","https://openalex.org/W2122839032","https://openalex.org/W2135564041","https://openalex.org/W2143067489","https://openalex.org/W2144435748","https://openalex.org/W2144705212","https://openalex.org/W2156339602","https://openalex.org/W2165912966","https://openalex.org/W2166974667","https://openalex.org/W2172964558","https://openalex.org/W2257110030","https://openalex.org/W2502672638","https://openalex.org/W2889907190","https://openalex.org/W2916218584","https://openalex.org/W2969841359","https://openalex.org/W3121372941","https://openalex.org/W3124684532","https://openalex.org/W4206949058","https://openalex.org/W4239640150","https://openalex.org/W4248764197","https://openalex.org/W4300498623","https://openalex.org/W4300666378"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4281397226","https://openalex.org/W1990580613","https://openalex.org/W7098773262","https://openalex.org/W7100839431","https://openalex.org/W7170149997","https://openalex.org/W7206351147","https://openalex.org/W7170191208","https://openalex.org/W7215663049","https://openalex.org/W2100476930","https://openalex.org/W7096148756"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"analyzes":[2],"the":[3,6,15,19,38,49,62,120],"impact":[4],"of":[5,18,94,137],"gender":[7,20,39,63,107],"gap":[8,40,64],"in":[9,22,41,54,61,65,72,79,84,90,109],"effective":[10,42,66,110],"labor":[11,23,43,67,111],"\u2013":[12,28,141,143],"defined":[13],"as":[14,114,116],"combined":[16],"effect":[17,47],"gaps":[21,108],"force":[24],"participation":[25],"and":[26,87,98],"education":[27],"on":[29,48],"economic":[30,50,103],"output":[31,51,73],"per":[32,52,74],"worker.":[33],"The":[34,100],"results":[35],"indicate":[36],"that":[37,125],"has":[44],"a":[45,70,91,134],"negative":[46],"worker":[53,75],"African":[55,121],"countries.":[56],"A":[57],"1":[58],"percent":[59,78,83,89],"increase":[60],"leads":[68],"to":[69,106],"reduction":[71],"by":[76],"0.43\u20130.49":[77],"Africa":[80,97,126],"overall,":[81],"0.29\u20130.50":[82],"Sub-Saharan":[85],"Africa,":[86],"0.26\u20130.32":[88],"wider":[92],"group":[93],"countries":[95],"from":[96],"Asia.":[99],"total":[101],"annual":[102],"losses":[104],"due":[105],"could":[112],"be":[113],"high":[115],"US$255":[117],"billion":[118],"for":[119],"region.":[122],"Results":[123],"confirm":[124],"is":[127,144],"missing":[128],"its":[129,138],"full":[130],"growth":[131,139],"potential":[132],"because":[133],"sizeable":[135],"portion":[136],"reserve":[140],"women":[142],"not":[145],"fully":[146],"utilized.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
