{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2039864951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/md-02-2014-0060","title":"Proactive and reactive corporate social responsibility: antecedent and consequence","display_name":"Proactive and reactive corporate social responsibility: antecedent and consequence","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2039864951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/md-02-2014-0060","mag":"2039864951"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/md-02-2014-0060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/md-02-2014-0060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/md-02-2014-0060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154010748","display_name":"Management Decision","issn_l":"0025-1747","issn":["0025-1747","1758-6070"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Management Decision","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009865633","display_name":"Ching\u2010Hsun Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4390-5841","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4390-5841"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107470533","display_name":"Tamkang University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tft4718","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107470533"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ching-Hsun Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Administration, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Administration, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107470533"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009865633"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107470533"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.8854,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":168,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99039811,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"2","first_page":"451","last_page":"468"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10880","display_name":"Environmental Sustainability in Business","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10880","display_name":"Environmental Sustainability in Business","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10115","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","score":0.015699999406933784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13603","display_name":"Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability","score":0.00860000029206276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-organizational-culture","display_name":"green organizational culture","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediating-effect","display_name":"mediating effect","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-firms","display_name":"manufacturing companies","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-and-medium-sized-enterprises","display_name":"small and medium-sized enterprises","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-size-differences","display_name":"firm size differences","score":0.6830000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105776082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q617473","display_name":"Likert scale","level":2,"score":0.823214054107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141261163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218600","display_name":"Corporate social responsibility","level":2,"score":0.8087490797042847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.6756463050842285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.5792423486709595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.5781923532485962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5622919797897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67674302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730573","display_name":"Organizational culture","level":2,"score":0.5396843552589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1925442","display_name":"Common-method variance","level":2,"score":0.5265082716941833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47282111644744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.465361624956131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165672731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25047583","display_name":"Organizational performance","level":2,"score":0.426043838262558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781256819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16828835","display_name":"Antecedent (behavioral psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4195351004600525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4178144335746765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.4088669419288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2772824168205261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14090627431869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.13790041208267212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.13027945160865784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.12248435616493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.09101894497871399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08245688676834106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0811481773853302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/md-02-2014-0060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/md-02-2014-0060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/md-02-2014-0060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154010748","display_name":"Management Decision","issn_l":"0025-1747","issn":["0025-1747","1758-6070"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Management Decision","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tkuir.lib.tku.edu.tw:987654321/101224","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://tkuir.lib.tku.edu.tw/dspace/handle/987654321/101224","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922698","display_name":"Tamkang University Institutional Repository (TKUIR)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W612853616","https://openalex.org/W1500806138","https://openalex.org/W1559283548","https://openalex.org/W1572446170","https://openalex.org/W1967892417","https://openalex.org/W1970304060","https://openalex.org/W1971871486","https://openalex.org/W1975653498","https://openalex.org/W1978653045","https://openalex.org/W1979505044","https://openalex.org/W1981144816","https://openalex.org/W1983629396","https://openalex.org/W1988403330","https://openalex.org/W1988837370","https://openalex.org/W1988858007","https://openalex.org/W1993021410","https://openalex.org/W2007801487","https://openalex.org/W2009106448","https://openalex.org/W2011918657","https://openalex.org/W2012828121","https://openalex.org/W2035880114","https://openalex.org/W2038974963","https://openalex.org/W2041228677","https://openalex.org/W2045980151","https://openalex.org/W2047735993","https://openalex.org/W2052040437","https://openalex.org/W2055541284","https://openalex.org/W2056749365","https://openalex.org/W2057184155","https://openalex.org/W2061977616","https://openalex.org/W2065906268","https://openalex.org/W2083252202","https://openalex.org/W2088145604","https://openalex.org/W2093578404","https://openalex.org/W2103847341","https://openalex.org/W2123453159","https://openalex.org/W2128614305","https://openalex.org/W2128624068","https://openalex.org/W2128670618","https://openalex.org/W2130904754","https://openalex.org/W2140333025","https://openalex.org/W2143129082","https://openalex.org/W2153784191","https://openalex.org/W2154620941","https://openalex.org/W2158511089","https://openalex.org/W2161435316","https://openalex.org/W2164623173","https://openalex.org/W2164843462","https://openalex.org/W2164946207","https://openalex.org/W2336176570","https://openalex.org/W3015634246","https://openalex.org/W3124536214","https://openalex.org/W3124872368","https://openalex.org/W4235678817","https://openalex.org/W4238036957","https://openalex.org/W4242709221","https://openalex.org/W4247908692","https://openalex.org/W4256550748"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6981348285","https://openalex.org/W4206095740","https://openalex.org/W4410241972","https://openalex.org/W4404968537","https://openalex.org/W7105989820","https://openalex.org/W4382395982","https://openalex.org/W7162342310","https://openalex.org/W4404734008","https://openalex.org/W7211968175","https://openalex.org/W4205281990"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"\u2013":[1,33,82,177,301],"The":[2,83],"purpose":[3],"of":[4,52,161,169,182,193,211,253,256,307,318,372,380],"this":[5,155,183,186,202,216,247],"paper":[6],"is":[7,74,127,288],"to":[8,13,57,62,76,146,226,228,240,249,358],"develop":[9],"an":[10,47],"original":[11],"framework":[12,313],"explore":[14,63],"corporate":[15],"social":[16],"responsibility":[17],"(CSR)":[18],"plays":[19],"a":[20,128,219,236,271,289,310],"mediation":[21],"role":[22],"between":[23,110],"green":[24,28,88,96,111,115,135,147,275,285,296,322,328,352,361],"organizational":[25,89,112,125,148,286,323,353],"culture":[26,90,113,126,149,287,324,354],"and":[27,41,61,95,114,134,171,244,295,314,355],"product":[29,97,116,136,276,297,329,362],"innovation":[30,98,117,137,277,298,330,363],"performance.":[31,99,138,299,364],"Design/methodology/approach":[32],"This":[34,44,100,302,365],"study":[35,49,101,156,187,203,217,248,303,366],"divides":[36],"CSR":[37,40,94,105,121,133,152,160,269,281,294,308,340,357,371],"into":[38,309],"proactive":[39,93,104,132,159,268,293,319,339,356,370],"reactive":[42,120,280],"CSR.":[43,320],"research":[45,79,233],"employs":[46],"empirical":[48,84],"by":[50,191],"means":[51,192],"the":[53,59,78,107,189,209,230,242,251,254,257,265,305,316,342],"questionnaire":[54,194],"survey":[55,195],"method":[56,213],"verify":[58,77,86],"hypotheses":[60,190],"its":[64],"managerial":[65,312],"implications":[66,262],"in":[67,141,341],"Taiwanese":[68,142,343,346],"manufacturing":[69,344,347],"companies.":[70],"Structural":[71],"equation":[72],"modeling":[73],"applied":[75],"framework.":[80],"Findings":[81],"results":[85],"that":[87,103,158,369],"positively":[91],"affects":[92],"shows":[102],"mediates":[106],"positive":[108,272],"relationship":[109],"performance,":[118,278],"but":[119,279,333],"does":[122,282],"not.":[123,283],"Green":[124],"driving":[129,290],"force":[130,291],"for":[131,292],"Organizational":[139],"members":[140],"companies":[143,163,348,374],"are":[144,164,179,260,375],"exposed":[145],"which":[150,196],"influences":[151],"activities.":[153],"Moreover,":[154],"verifies":[157,188],"large":[162,373],"significantly":[165,376],"higher":[166,377],"than":[167,378],"those":[168,379],"small":[170],"medium":[172],"enterprises":[173],"(SMEs).":[174],"Research":[175],"limitations/implications":[176],"There":[178,259],"three":[180],"limitations":[181],"study.":[184,266],"First,":[185,267],"only":[197,326],"includes":[198],"cross-sectional":[199],"data.":[200,258],"Second,":[201,284],"utilize":[204],"self-reported":[205],"data":[206],"may":[207],"suffer":[208],"problems":[210],"common":[212],"variance.":[214],"Third,":[215],"applies":[218],"\u201cfive-point":[220],"Likert":[221,238],"scale\u201d":[222,239],"ranging":[223],"from":[224,264],"1":[225],"5":[227],"measure":[229,241],"constructs.":[231],"Future":[232],"can":[234,349],"apply":[235],"\u201cseven-point":[237],"constructs":[243],"compare":[245],"with":[246],"test":[250],"significance":[252],"variability":[255],"two":[261],"emerging":[263],"has":[270],"effect":[273],"on":[274],"Originality/value":[300],"summarizes":[304],"literature":[306],"new":[311],"highlights":[315],"importance":[317],"Therefore,":[321],"cannot":[325],"affect":[327],"performance":[331],"directly,":[332],"also":[334,367],"influence":[335],"it":[336],"indirectly":[337],"via":[338],"industry.":[345],"increase":[350],"their":[351,360],"enhance":[359],"explores":[368],"SME.":[381]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}