{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2039367993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1068/a150037","title":"Distribution Models for the Journey to Work","display_name":"Distribution Models for the Journey to Work","publication_year":1983,"publication_date":"1983-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2039367993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1068/a150037","mag":"2039367993"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1068/a150037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1068/a150037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1068/a150037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87933477","display_name":"Environment and Planning A Economy and Space","issn_l":"0308-518X","issn":["0308-518X","1472-3409"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-2","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environment and Planning A","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112834740","display_name":"J Broughton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24273437","display_name":"Transport Research Laboratory (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/02veezx93","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24273437"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Broughton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, Berks RG11 6AU, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, Berks RG11 6AU, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24273437"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J C Tanner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24273437","display_name":"Transport Research Laboratory (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/02veezx93","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24273437"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J C Tanner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, Berks RG11 6AU, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, Berks RG11 6AU, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24273437"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24273437"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.1034,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97931553,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"37","last_page":"53"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.5214999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.5214999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","score":0.3944999873638153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.018300000578165054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commuting","display_name":"commuting","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-utility-maximization","display_name":"random utility maximization","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travel-cost","display_name":"travel cost","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-land-use","display_name":"urban land use","score":0.43299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-geography","display_name":"urban geography","score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manchester","display_name":"Manchester","score":0.45899999141693115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106866004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264259","display_name":"Economic rent","level":2,"score":0.8291014432907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780090960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194489","display_name":"Salary","level":2,"score":0.8256663084030151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6534755229949951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6387736797332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52130261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39825","display_name":"Census","level":3,"score":0.5909774303436279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780286027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6296527","display_name":"Journey to work","level":3,"score":0.4336943030357361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3963606655597687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.38612014055252075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.36107298731803894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3234381079673767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26244738698005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.22942155599594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20982077717781067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.20502963662147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.19675248861312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1068/a150037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1068/a150037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1068/a150037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87933477","display_name":"Environment and Planning A Economy and Space","issn_l":"0308-518X","issn":["0308-518X","1472-3409"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-2","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environment and Planning A","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1177/0308518x8301500104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518x8301500104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518x8301500104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87933477","display_name":"Environment and Planning A Economy and Space","issn_l":"0308-518X","issn":["0308-518X","1472-3409"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","fnege-2","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:pio:envira:v:15:y:1983:i:1:p:37-53","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.envplan.com/abstract.cgi?id=a150037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:envira:v:15:y:1983:i:1:p:37-53","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0308518X8301500104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7250000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6452000141143799,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W611788547","https://openalex.org/W2039367993","https://openalex.org/W2066531726","https://openalex.org/W2104575581","https://openalex.org/W2119548385","https://openalex.org/W2582557068","https://openalex.org/W4214841907","https://openalex.org/W4250615199","https://openalex.org/W4250896335","https://openalex.org/W4255217452"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W611788547","https://openalex.org/W649605192","https://openalex.org/W4205416726","https://openalex.org/W7043780256","https://openalex.org/W608753202","https://openalex.org/W750569656","https://openalex.org/W2412956338","https://openalex.org/W7099237853","https://openalex.org/W2340075981","https://openalex.org/W2381906310"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,74],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"a":[3,23,46],"model,":[4],"based":[5],"on":[6],"random":[7,47],"utility":[8,35],"theory,":[9],"for":[10,92,118],"simulating":[11],"the":[12,28,41,57,67,93,97,101,108],"choices":[13,61],"of":[14,40,59,62,70,104,107,110,115],"home":[15,29,63],"and":[16,30,45,51,64,72,114],"workplace":[17,65],"made":[18],"by":[19],"individual":[20],"workers":[21],"in":[22],"region.":[24],"Each":[25],"worker":[26],"chooses":[27],"job":[31],"which":[32],"maximises":[33],"his":[34],"(comprising":[36],"rent,":[37],"salary,":[38],"cost":[39],"journey":[42],"to":[43,79,88],"work,":[44],"personal":[48],"element);":[49],"rents":[50],"salaries":[52],"are":[53,123],"adjusted":[54],"iteratively":[55],"until":[56],"distribution":[58,69],"workers\u2019":[60],"matches":[66],"existing":[68],"homes":[71,120],"workplaces.":[73],"model":[75,98],"is":[76,85],"applied":[77,87],"first":[78],"several":[80],"idealised":[81],"urban":[82],"geometries;":[83],"it":[84],"then":[86,124],"1971":[89],"Census":[90],"data":[91],"Manchester":[94],"area,":[95],"where":[96],"reproduces":[99],"satisfactorily":[100],"observed":[102],"pattern":[103],"choices.":[105],"Some":[106],"effects":[109],"changed":[111],"travel":[112],"costs":[113],"alternative":[116],"policies":[117],"redistributing":[119],"or":[121],"jobs":[122],"simulated.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}